Sulfamic acid cleaning solution for 4,4'methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline (MOCA)

Complementary replicas have revealed the fact that the two common faces observed in electron micrographs of freeze-fracture and freeze-etch specimens are complementary to each other and are thus the new faces of a split membrane rather than the original inner and outer surfaces (1, 2 and personal observations). The big question raised by published electron micrographs is why do we not see depressions in the complementary face opposite membrane-associated particles? Reports have appeared indicating that some depressions do appear but complementarity on such a fine scale has yet to be shown.Dog cardiac muscle was perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (material furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ., and VA Hospital, Durham, N.C.). Small strips were freeze-fractured in a Denton Vacuum DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit with complementary replica tooling. Replicas were cleaned in chromic acid cleaning solution, then washed in 4 changes of distilled water and mounted on opposite sides of the center wire of a Formvar-coated grid.

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Advanced Alkali Cleaning Solution for Simplification of Semiconductor Cleaning Process

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-477-35 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 477 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Hitoshi Morinaga ◽

Masumi Aoki ◽

Toshiaki Maeda ◽

Masaya Fujisue

Keyword(s):

Substrate Surface ◽

Chelating Agent ◽

Metallic Impurity ◽

Cleaning Process ◽

Drastic Reduction ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Cleaning Solution ◽

Cleaning Technology ◽

Cleaning Cost ◽

Metallic Impurities

ABSTRACTNH4OH/H2O2/H2O (called APM or SC–1) cleaning combined with megasonic irradiation is found to feature outstanding removal efficiency for various types of particulate contaminant. The conventional APM cleaning, however, allows metallic impurity in solution to adhere onto substrate surface, and it must be followed by acid cleaning such as HCI/IH2O2/H2O (called HPM or SC–2) cleaning to remove metallic impurity from substrate. The advanced APM cleaning using MC–1 which is alkali cleaning agent containing chelating agent has been developed, and this new cleaning is found capable for preventing various metallic impurities including Al in solution from contaminating substrate surface. Besides, with cleaning conditions optimized, the advanced APM cleaning using MC–1 can also remove metallic impurity from substrate surface. In short, this modified APM cleaning is capable for removing particle and metallic impurity at the same time, which is not possible with the conventional cleaning technology. The cleaning process of semiconductor manufacturing process can be simplified if HPM cleaning is eliminated by introducing the advanced APM cleaning using MC–1. This leads to drastic reduction of cleaning cost and improvement of throughput of the cleaning process.

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The Scaling Preventable Measures of Multi-Effect Distillation Plants

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.605 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 605-609

Author(s):

Ming Luo ◽

Shu Zhong Wang ◽

Jian Ping Yang

Keyword(s):

Heat Recovery ◽

Sulfamic Acid ◽

Scale Inhibitor ◽

Scale Removal ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Scale Inhibition ◽

Liaohe Oilfield ◽

Removal Technology ◽

Removal Technologies ◽

Performance Scale

The multi-effect distillation (MED) process is one of the oldest process in desalination of seawater. This technology has been used for water and heat recovery from the petroleum waste in Liaohe Oilfield. However, the scale formation is one of the main problems that encountered in the operation of different plants. The temperature of the first stage of the MED evaporation is higher than 138 °C. Therefore, both the scale inhibition and removal technologies should be adopted. The Belgard EV 2050 scale inhibitor produced by Ciba-Geigy is recommended to be used to inhibit the scale due to the excellent scale inhibiting performance. Scale removal technology also needs to be adopted regularly for device descaling in addition to the scale controlling technology. The sulfamic acid (concentration of 5% -10%) can be selected as the acid cleaning agent with a certain amount of inhibitor added.

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Corrosion inhibition of heat exchanger tubing material (titanium) in MSF desalination plants in acid cleaning solution using aromatic nitro compounds

Desalination ◽

10.1016/j.desal.2018.04.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 439 ◽

pp. 73-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M.A. Deyab

Keyword(s):

Heat Exchanger ◽

Corrosion Inhibition ◽

Nitro Compounds ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Aromatic Nitro Compounds ◽

Cleaning Solution ◽

Aromatic Nitro ◽

Desalination Plants ◽

Tubing Material

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Sulfamic Acid Cleaning of Electron Tube Parts

Materials and Electron Device Processing ◽

10.1520/stp41236s ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 162-162-4

Author(s):

Robert W. Etter

Keyword(s):

Sulfamic Acid ◽

Electron Tube ◽

Acid Cleaning

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Development of the Flux Solution for Omission of Water Washing Treatment of Hot Dip Galvanizing Process

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1040 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 117-119 ◽

pp. 1040-1043

Author(s):

Kyung Man Moon ◽

Myung Hoon Lee

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Ph Value ◽

Good Corrosion Resistance ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Water Washing ◽

Cleaning Solution ◽

Different Types ◽

Optimum Type ◽

Different Color ◽

The Cost

Abstract. Hot dip galvanizing is being widely used to the numerous constructional steels such as a guard rail of high way, various types of structural steel for manufacturing ship and for some other fields etc.. Recently, the cost of zinc is getting higher and higher, thus, a proper manufacturing process should be developed possibly to reduce the cost of production. In this study, one of hot dip galvanizing process, that is, omission of water washing treatment which is performed after acid cleaning was investigated with some types of flux solution which is added with additives such as acid cleaning solution, NH4OH, Al(OH)3 and H2O2. The decrement of pH by omission of water washing treatment could be recovered to its original value due to neutralization reaction with addition of NH4OH. The flux solution added with both NH4OH and Al(OH)3 exhibited nearly the same color and pH value as those of original flux solution with no added, and the galvanized sample by using this flux solution tended to show a relatively good corrosion resistance compared to other samples treated with different types of flux solution. Furthermore, the flux solution added with NH4OH, Al(OH)3 and H2O2 exhibited a different color as that of original flux solution, and sediments were observed, in addition, its sample exhibited a lower corrosion resistance. Consequently, it is suggested that simplification of process, so-called, omission of water washing treatment may be able to achieve with development of an optimum type of flux solution added with additives.

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Retention of 3-Dimensional Contours by Replicas of Freeze-Fracturcd Specimens

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100065262 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 242-243

Author(s):

Russell L. Steere

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Cardiac Muscle ◽

Electron Scattering ◽

Chromic Acid ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Distilled Water ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Acid Cleaning ◽

Ice Surface ◽

Cleaning Solution

Electron micrographs of complementary replicas prepared by either the freeze-fracture or the freeze-etch procedure have often been disappointing. One replica may look excellent whereas the complement, produced simultaneously in the same system, may look worthless. At least part of this complication may be explained by the fact that these replicas retain much of the 3-dimensional contours of the replicated ice surface when dried on a Formvar film. If the desired part of such a replica is oriented in the microscope in such a position that it is vertical to the beam it usually looks good. However, if the desired area happens to be other than vertical to the electron beam, the resultant image may be somewhat distorted if the angle is slight, or may be completely obscurred by electron scattering if the angle is steep.Dog cardiac muscle perfused with glutaraldehyde, washed in distilled water, then transferred to 30% glycerol (furnished by Dr. Joaquim Sommer, Duke Univ.) was freeze-fractured at -196° in a Denton DFE-2 Freeze-Etch Unit, shadowed with Pt from a C point, and replicated with C. The replicas were cleaned of biological remains in chromic acid cleaning solution, then mounted on Formvar support films.

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