scholarly journals Disposal costs for SRP high-level wastes in borosilicate glass and crystalline ceramic waste forms

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Rozsa ◽  
J.H. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic ◽  
High Level

Immobilization of high-level waste in ceramic waste forms

1986 ◽  
Vol 319 (1545) ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Phase Assemblage ◽  
Crystal Lattices ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

High-level wastes (HLW) can be incorporated in the crystal lattices of coexisting phases in ceramic waste forms. The properties and performances of ceramic waste forms are largely determined by their phase chemistry, phase assemblage and microstructure. Currently, the best categorized advanced ceramic waste form is SYNROC, a titanate ceramic composed of ‘ hollandite ’ Bat 1(Al,Ti)2^Ti|]*"70 16, zirconolite CaZrTi 2 O 7 , perovskite CaTiO 3 , rutile TiO 2 and minor amounts of metal alloys microencapsulated by the titanate matrix. Two factors contribute to the capacity of synroc to accommodate high (e.g. 20% ) loadings of HLW, together with variations in waste-stream composition. Firstly, the constituent phases can accept, as solid solutions in their crystal lattices, a broad spectrum of cationic species of diverse charge and radius, either singly or by complex substitution mechanisms. Secondly, the phase assemblage itself spontaneously adjusts its modal mineralogy in response to waste stream fluctuations. The presence of both rutile and a source of trivalent titanium (from reaction of rutile with added Ti metal) in the synroc phase assemblage is largely responsible for this flexible and accommodating nature. The titanate minerals in synroc also occur in Nature, where they have survived for many millions of years in a wide range of geological environments. Experimental studies show that synroc is vastly more resistant to leaching by groundwater than borosilicate glass; moreover, its high leach resistance is maintained at elevated temperatures. Experimental and analogue studies indicate that the HLW immobilization properties of synroc are not significantly impaired by radiation damage. These properties show that synroc would provide an effective immobilization barrier for HLW when buried in suitable repositories. They also permit the use of a wider range of geological disposal options than are appropriate for borosilicate glass. In particular, synroc is well suited for disposal in deep drill-holes, both in continental and marine environments. The fact that synroc is composed of minerals that have demonstrated long-term geological stability is important in establishing public confidence in the ability of the nuclear industry to immobilize high-level wastes for the very long periods required.

scholarly journals A-site compositional effects in Ga-doped hollandite materials of the form BaxCsyGa2x+yTi8−2x−yO16: implications for Cs immobilization in crystalline ceramic waste forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Xu ◽  
Yi Wen ◽  
Rob Grote ◽  
Jake Amoroso ◽  
Lindsay Shuller Nickles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic ◽  
Compositional Effects ◽  
A Site

Performance of Borosilicate Glass High-Level Waste Forms in Disposal Systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
Edward J. Hennelly ◽  
E. I. Du Pont de Nemours
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Crystalline Ceramic Waste Forms: Report Detailing Data Collection In Support Of Potential FY13 Pilot Scale Melter Test

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Brinkman ◽  
J. Amoroso ◽  
J. C. Marra ◽  
K. M. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic

scholarly journals Crystalline Ceramic Waste Forms: Comparison Of Reference Process For Ceramic Waste Form Fabrication

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Brinkman ◽  
J. C. Marra ◽  
J. Amoroso ◽  
M. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Waste Form ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Reference Process ◽  
Crystalline Ceramic

scholarly journals Incorporation of High-Level Wastes in Synroc: Results from Recent Process Engineering Studies at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Campbell ◽  
C. L. Hoenig ◽  
F. J. Ackerman ◽  
P. E. Peters ◽  
J. Z. Grens
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
Engineering Studies ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Level

In October 1981 SYNROC-D was selected as the reference alternate waste form to borosilicate glass for immobilization of defense wastes. A total of eight candidate waste forms competed in this selection process and the decision of which alternate waste form to choose was based primarily on performance properties.

An Experimental Comparison of Alternative Solid Forms for Savannah River High-Level Wastes

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Silica Glass ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Experimental Comparison ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
High Silica ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
High Aluminum

ABSTRACTSamples of borosilicate glass, high-silica glass, tailored ceramic, and SYNROC, incorporating simulated Savannah River high-level defense waste sludges, were leached by the MCC-1 procedure for times up to 28 days. Cesium, uranium, and cerium leach rates are reported for waste forms containing a composite sludge, at 40°C in deionized water, and at 90°C in deionized water, silicate water, and brine. The ordering of the waste forms from best to worst differs for each element leached, and none of the forms show a clear advantage for all the key radwaste elements. Some cesium leach rates for forms containing high-aluminum or high-iron sludges also are presented. So far, only small effects of sludge type have been observed, with one exception. This study is one of several inputs for selection of an alternative waste form for Savannah River waste.

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