Regulation of Protein Synthesis: an Approach to Treat Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssika Poliana Teixeira ◽  
Teodorico Castro Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Neurological Functioning

: Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disorder with different etiologies and poor elucidation, characterized by changes in social and cognitive skills. ASD has been characterized that affect large numbers of people in the world. In spite of its great importance, surprisingly just a modest progress has been achieved toward comprehending this pathology and designing new therapies. The molecular dysfunctions observed in people with autism are evidenced by the interference in the synthesis of synaptic proteins, which impairs their development and plasticity, leading to characteristics of individuals with ASD. The present work investigates in detail the mTOR pathway and the proteins related to its regulation and neurological functioning. The path of protein synthesis and translation is promising for the treatment of various disorders and its elucidation may, for example, result in drugs that facilitate the diagnosis and open the range of treatments, improving the quality of life of ASD patients.

scholarly journals Quality of Life in Caregivers of Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Development and Validation of the Questionnaire

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 924
Author(s):  
Claudia B. Pratesi ◽  
Alessandra Baeza Garcia ◽  
Riccardo Pratesi ◽  
Lenora Gandolfi ◽  
Mariana Hecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Domains

Studies have shown that children and adolescents with autism and their relatives present a high level of stress and more family problems, impacting parents’ and caregivers’ quality of life (QoL). Despite studies on this subject, there is no specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in parents or caregivers of children and adolescents with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in Brazil. Therefore, this study’s primary purpose was to develop and validate a specific questionnaire to evaluate QoL in these individuals. The study was performed using the following steps: development of the ASD Parent/caregiver QoL questionnaire (autistic spectrum disorder parent/caregiver quality of life—ASDPC-QoL), subjective evaluation, validation of the questionnaire by the Delphi method, assessment of internal consistency, responsiveness, and reliability of the ASLPC-QoL, and administration of the questionnaire to 881 Brazilian ASD caregivers or parents. ASDPC-QoL comprises 28 questions divided into four domains (social, concerns, physical and mental health) with good psychometric properties (reproducibility, reliability, internal consistency, responsiveness, and validity). Our data showed that worries and physical health were the domains with the lowest scores in ASDPCA-QoL. ASDPCA-QoL did not differ among gender and age of child considering the total and all domains. Older participants (≥41 y/o) presented the best scores for social and worries domains but did not differ in other domains and the total. Parents or caregivers of ASD children diagnosed for more than three years have better mental and physical health domains than those recently diagnosed (up to 1 year) but did not differ in the total and other domains. Individuals with a partner and with the highest educational level present the best score for the social domain. Employed individuals showed better scores than unemployed ones for all domains and the total, except for worries, which did not differ. It also occurred comparing the individuals that do not use antidepressants and the ones that use them. Assessing and better understanding the QoL of caregivers is highly relevant. By understanding the social, worries, physical, and emotional health domains of caregivers, it is possible to track harmful aspects, prevent and treat pathologies, in addition to assisting in the implementation of effective public policies.

Songwriting Techniques in Music Therapy Practice

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Aasgaard ◽  
Stine C. Blichfeldt Ærø
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Developmental Disability ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Contemporary Practice

Songwriting in music therapy practice encompasses various techniques whereby clients, children, adults, or older people are assisted, individually or in groups, to create lyrics and music and to perform and/or record their own songs. The most common clinical areas for songwriting in contemporary practice are psychiatry, autistic spectrum disorder, developmental disability, oncology, dementia, and neurorehabilitation. Frequent therapeutic goals are related to validating experiences, externalizing thought, fantasies, and emotions or to develop cognitive skills. Specific goals may not always be clearly defined before the creative process, and client’s needs may emerge as the lyrics and music are created. Songwriting in music therapy is based on methods with defined steps or stages which many different practitioners have tested and refined. This chapter also presents a less directive approach which is based on a loose framework of guidelines.

Orthodontic management of patients with autistic spectrum disorder

Dental Update ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 646-652
Author(s):  
Hesham Ali ◽  
Brekhna Mushtaq ◽  
Ovais Malik
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Developmental Disability ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
The World ◽  
Experience Difficulty

Autism is a life-long developmental disability that affects how people perceive the world and interact with others. The aetiology of autism has not been clearly identified. Affected individuals experience difficulty in social interaction and changes in their environment. There appears to be a higher percentage of malocclusion within the population with special needs than the normal population, and the demand for orthodontic treatment from this group of patients is likely to increase in line with awareness of autism and access to care. The strategies available to manage patients with autism successfully are discussed here. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Understanding the difficulties faced by individuals affected by autistic spectrum disorder and anticipating the challenges in the provision of their care is of paramount importance in the context of their orthodontic management. These challenges, and the strategies available to successfully negotiate them, are concisely presented.

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