scholarly journals Formative Assessment of ARM-U: A Modular Intervention for Decreasing Risk Behaviors Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Methamphetamine-Using MSM

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S Garfein ◽  
Mitcheal Metzner ◽  
Jazmine Cuevas ◽  
Chad A Bousman ◽  
Thomas Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Formative Research ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Methamphetamine Use

Background: Methamphetamine is a major contributor to HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recent studies show that up to one-third of methamphetamine-using MSM (MUMSM) inject the drug. We developed a behavioral intervention for MUMSM to decrease unprotected anal intercourse and increase awareness of parenteral HIV transmission risk. This 6-session (3 in-person, 3 by telephone) modular intervention was designed to be tailored to participants’ HIV (+/-) and injection drug user ([IDU] yes/no) status. We present results of formative research used to evaluate the content and to assess feasibility and acceptability of this individual-level HIV risk-reduction intervention. Setting: HIV research clinic in a high MSM and methamphetamine prevalence neighborhood. Project: Avoiding Risks from Methamphetamine-Use (ARM-U) is a brief toolbox intervention that allows counselors to select modules that suit a client’s individual risk profile and intervention needs employing motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral theory. We evaluated the format and content of the intervention through focus groups and pre-testing of the entire intervention using volunteers from the target population stratified into four groups (HIV+/IDU, HIV-/IDU, HIV+/non-IDU, HIV-/non-IDU). Four individuals in each stratum were recruited to undergo the intervention and complete a satisfaction survey at the end of each in-person session. Results: In total, 25 MUMSM attended one of five focus groups. Participants thought all proposed intervention topics were important and could aid in reducing sexual risk behaviors among MUMSM. However, the neurocognitive effects of methamphetamine were reported to be a barrier to practicing safer sex, condom use negotiation or HIV status disclosure. Fifteen (94%) of 16 participants completed all 6 sessions and the satisfaction survey. On average, participants felt the intervention was useful for MUMSM, made them contemplate and move toward behavior change, and would recommend the program to their peers. Lessons Learned: Based on our formative research, we revised the ARM-U intervention to emphasize pre-planning to avoid combining methamphetamine use and sex or develop strategies to avoid sex risk following methamphetamine use. We also increased emphasis on referrals for care and other requested services. Future efficacy trials are needed to evaluate the intervention’s ability to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors.

Associations of poverty, substance use, and HIV transmission risk behaviors in three South African communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1641-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C. Kalichman ◽  
Leickness C. Simbayi ◽  
Ashraf Kagee ◽  
Yoesrie Toefy ◽  
Sean Jooste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
South African ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV-positive persons in serodiscordant relationships

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C Kalichman ◽  
David Rompa ◽  
Webster Luke ◽  
James Austin
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

As many as one in three persons living with HIV-AIDS continue to practise unprotected sexual intercourse and these practices often occur with HIV-negative or unknown HIV serostatus (serodiscordant) partners. The current study examined the rates of HIV transmission risk behaviours in non-regular (e.g. casual) and regular (e.g. steady) serodiscordant relationships. HIV positive men ( n = 269) and women ( n = 114) responded to measures of demographic characteristics, health and mental health status, and sexual behaviours assessed in partner-by-partner interviews. 257 (67%) participants were sexually active in the preceding three months and 182 (71%) of the sexually active persons had engaged in vaginal or anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners. Comparisons of persons with non-regular ( n = 97) and regular ( n = 85) serodiscordant partners showed that overall rates of unprotected and protected intercourse were greater with regular partners than non-regular partners. Disclosure of HIV status to regular and non-regular serodiscordant partners did not appear to influence the pattern of results. Mathematical modelling showed that HIV transmission estimates over a one-year horizon were significantly greater for male regular partners of HIV-positive men than non-regular partners and there was a trend toward greater HIV transmission rates from HIV-positive men to their regular serodiscordant female partners compared to non-regular partners. Results suggest an urgent need for HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for HIV serodiscordant couples, particularly for couples in established, regular relationships.

scholarly journals Case Study: Multisystemic Therapy for Adolescents Who Engage in HIV Transmission Risk Behaviors

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J Letourneau ◽  
D. A Ellis ◽  
S. Naar-King ◽  
P. B Cunningham ◽  
S. L Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Multisystemic Therapy ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

scholarly journals Estimation of Potential HIV Transmission Risk in Recent Anal Intercourse Events among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Bali, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Bavinton ◽  
I Gusti Agung Agus Mahendra ◽  
John Kaldor ◽  
Matthew Law ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Transmission Risk

In recent years, prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has increased substantially in Bali, Indonesia, in men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women, known locally as ‘waria’. There are limited behavioural data in this population. We conducted a behavioural survey of MSM/waria in Bali in March–April 2018. Respondents were primarily recruited by HIV outreach workers. Respondents reported details about anal intercourse events with their last male/waria romantic partner and/or last male/waria casual partner (respondents could report on both if relevant). Statistical significance was tested with generalised estimating equations. Among 709 participants, median age was 27 (interquartile range = 24–31), and 92.1% were male and 7.9% were waria. One-third were born in Bali. Overall, 85.9% had ever had an HIV test; 55.1% reported being HIV-negative, 15.0% HIV-positive, and 30.0% had unknown serostatus. Most (86.5%) reported sex with men, 9.5% with waria, and 20.0% with women in the previous 6 months. Respondents described 703 anal intercourse events (397/306 with romantic/casual partners, respectively; 191 reported on both). Over half (56.5%) of the events were protected by condoms and 7.3% by biomedical prevention (2.6% by PrEP in either partner, 4.7% by HIV treatments in either partner). Thus, 36.3% of events involved unprotected condomless anal intercourse (40.8%/30.4% in romantic/casual partners, respectively). In multivariate analysis, unprotected condomless anal intercourse events were associated with romantic partners (p < 0.001), being born in Bali (p = 0.002), lower education (p = 0.013), believing that withdrawal before ejaculation is effective (p < 0.001), liking to use withdrawal (p = 0.021), and not liking condoms (p < 0.001). One-quarter of events had potentially reduced HIV transmission risk through non-condom-based risk reduction strategies, while 11.1% had no potential risk reduction. Events presenting the highest potential risk of HIV transmission were more commonly reported by respondents born in Bali.

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