Marijuana and Ethanol: Effects on Sleep

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent P. Zarcone
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
The Public

Both marijuana and alcohol have effects on sleep which can be clinically important if either drug is used heavily. A number of polygraphic studies of both drugs' effect on sleep demonstrate that both are rapid eye movement (REM) sleep suppressors and that both effect the REM sleep deprivation response for days after the acute effects have ceased. Marijuana also increases slow wave sleep compared to alcohol which decreases it. The studies reviewed indicate that marijuana, like alcohol, has persisting effects on neuronal activity and presumably on its underlying neurochemical regulation. Also, the studies suggest that caution should be employed in advising the public about the use of marijuana.

Noradrenergic activity in rat brain during rapid eye movement sleep deprivation and rebound sleep

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1456-R1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
S. E. Smith ◽  
T. Taira ◽  
J. H. Urban ◽  
J. E. Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Locus Ceruleus ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Large Platform ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Th Mrna

Noradrenergic locus ceruleus neurons are most active during waking and least active during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We expected REM sleep deprivation (REMSD) to increase norepinephrine utilization and activate the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene critical for norepinephrine production. Male Wistar rats were deprived of REM sleep with the platform method. Rats were decapitated after 8, 24, or 72 h on small (REMSD) or large (control) platforms or after 8 or 24 h of rebound sleep after 72 h of the platform treatment. During the first 24 h, norepinephrine concentration, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection, was lower in the neocortex, hippocampus, and posterior hypothalamus in REMSD rats than in large-platform controls. After 72 h of REMSD, TH mRNA, measured by in situ hybridization, was increased in the locus ceruleus and norepinephrine concentrations were increased. Polygraphy showed that small-platform treatment caused effective and selective REMSD. Serum corticosterone measurement by radioimmunoassay indicated that the differences found in norepinephrine and TH mRNA were not due to differences in stress between the treatments. The novel finding of sleep deprivation-specific increase in TH gene expression indicates an important mechanism of adjusting to sleep deprivation.

The flower pot technique of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep deprivation

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace B. Mendelson ◽  
Robert D. Guthrie ◽  
Ghislaine Frederick ◽  
Richard Jed Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Pot Technique

Effects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on pain sensitivity in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 900 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Hakki Onen ◽  
Abdelkrim Alloui ◽  
Didier Jourdan ◽  
Alain Eschalier ◽  
Claude Dubray
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation

Homeostasis of REM Sleep After Total and Selective Sleep Deprivation in the Rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 2699-2702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Ocampo-Garcés ◽  
Enrique Molina ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez ◽  
Ennio A. Vivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Homeostatic Regulation ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Final Value ◽  
Median Amount

During specific rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation its homeostatic regulation is expressed by progressively more frequent attempts to enter REM and by a compensatory rebound after the deprivation ends. The buildup of pressure to enter REM may be hypothesized to depend just on the time elapsed without REM or to be differentially related to non-REM (NREM) and wakefulness. This problem bears direct implications on the issue of the function of REM and its relation to NREM. We compared three protocols that combined REM-specific and total sleep deprivation so that animals underwent similar 3-h REM deprivations but different concomitant NREM deprivations for the first 2 (2T1R), 1 (1T2R), or 0 (3R) hours. Deprivation periods started at hour 6 after lights on. Twenty-two chronically implanted rats were recorded. The median amount of REM during all three protocols was ∼1 min. The deficits of median amount of NREM in minutes within the 3-h deprivation periods as compared with their baselines were, respectively for 2T1R, 1T2R, and 3R, 35 (43%), 25 (25%), and 7 (7%). Medians of REM rebound in the three succeeding hours, in minutes above baseline, were, respectively, 8 (44%), 9 (53%), and 9 (50%), showing no significant differences among protocols. Attempted transitions to REM showed a rising trend during REM deprivations reaching a final value that did not differ significantly among the three protocols. These results support the hypothesis that the build up of REM pressure and its subsequent rebound is primarily related to REM absence independent of the presence of NREM.

Effects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on shock-induced fighting☆☆☆

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
B MORDEN ◽  
R CONNER ◽  
G MITCHELL ◽  
W DEMENT ◽  
S LEVINE
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep Deprivation

scholarly journals Rapid eye movement sleep and slow wave sleep rebounded and related factors during positive airway pressure therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Xiang Cheng ◽  
Jiafeng Ren ◽  
Jian Qiu ◽  
Yingcong Jiang ◽  
Xianchao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Pressure Therapy ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and predictors of increased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or slow wave sleep (SWS) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) following positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. The study retrospectively analyzed data from patients with OSA who underwent both diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) and pressure titration PSG at the Tangdu Hospital Sleep Medicine Center from 2011–2016. Paired diagnostic PSG and pressure titration studies from 501 patients were included. REM rebound was predicted by a higher oxygen desaturation index, lower REM proportion, higher arousal index, lower mean pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), higher Epworth sleepiness score and younger age (adjusted R2 = 0.482). The SWS rebound was predicted by a longer total duration of apneas and hypopneas, lower N3 duration, lower SpO2 nadir, lower REM proportion in diagnostic PSG and younger age (adjusted R2 = 0.286). Patients without REM rebound or SWS rebound had a high probability of comorbidities with insomnia and mood complaints. Some parameters (subjective and objective insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, age and OSA severity) indicate changes in REM sleep and SWS between diagnostic and titration PSG tests. Treatment of insomnia and mood disorders in patients with OSA may helpful to improve the use PAP.

scholarly journals Neural ensemble reactivation in rapid eye movement and slow-wave sleep coordinate with muscle activity to promote rapid motor skill learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1799) ◽  
pp. 20190655 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Eckert ◽  
B. L. McNaughton ◽  
M. Tatsuno
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Skill Learning ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Motor Skill Learning ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement

Neural activity patterns of recent experiences are reactivated during sleep in structures critical for memory storage, including hippocampus and neocortex. This reactivation process is thought to aid memory consolidation. Although synaptic rearrangement dynamics following learning involve an interplay between slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, most physiological evidence implicates SWS directly following experience as a preferred window for reactivation. Here, we show that reactivation occurs in both REM and SWS and that coordination of REM and SWS activation on the same day is associated with rapid learning of a motor skill. We performed 6 h recordings from cells in rats' motor cortex as they were trained daily on a skilled reaching task. In addition to SWS following training, reactivation occurred in REM, primarily during the pre-task rest period, and REM and SWS reactivation occurred on the same day in rats that acquired the skill rapidly. Both pre-task REM and post-task SWS activation were coordinated with muscle activity during sleep, suggesting a functional role for reactivation in skill learning. Our results provide the first demonstration that reactivation in REM sleep occurs during motor skill learning and that coordinated reactivation in both sleep states on the same day, although at different times, is beneficial for skill learning. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Memory reactivation: replaying events past, present and future’.

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