scholarly journals Corncob residue as heterogeneous acid catalyst for green synthesis of biodiesel: A short review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Primata Mardina ◽  
Hesti Wijayanti ◽  
Abubakar Tuhuloula ◽  
Erita Hijriyati ◽  
Sarifah
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

The utilization of an appropriate catalyst in biodiesel production depends on the free fatty acid content of vegetable oil as a feedstock. Recently, heterogeneous acid catalysts are widely chosen for biodiesel production. However, these catalysts are non-renewable, highly expensive and low stability. Due to the aforementioned drawbacks of commercial heterogeneous acid catalyst, a number of efforts have been made to develop renewable green solid acid catalysts derived from biomass. Published literature revealed that the application of the biomass derived solid acid catalysts can achieve up to 98% yield of biodiesel. This article focused on corncob as raw material in solid acid catalyst preparation for biodiesel production. The efficient preparation method and performance comparation are discussed here. The corncob derived heterogeneous acid catalysts provides an environmentally friendly and green synthesis for biodiesel production.

Ordered mesoporous zirconium oxophosphate supported tungsten oxide solid acid catalysts: the improved Brønsted acidity for benzylation of anisole

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (43) ◽  
pp. 22509-22519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Miao ◽  
Huahua Zhao ◽  
Huanling Song ◽  
Lingjun Chou
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Brønsted Acidity ◽  
Brönsted Acidity ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous

A series of WO3 supported on ordered mesoporous zirconium oxophosphate solid acid catalyst was employed in benzylation reaction.

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using S–TiO2/SBA-15 Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hossain ◽  
Md Siddik Bhuyan ◽  
Abul Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Yong Seo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Acid Catalyst

The aim of this research was to synthesize, characterize, and apply a heterogeneous acid catalyst to optimum biodiesel production from hydrolyzed waste cooking oil via an esterification reaction, to meet society’s future demands. The solid acid catalyst S–TiO2/SBA-15 was synthesized by a direct wet impregnation method. The prepared catalyst was evaluated using analytical techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was studied to validate the experimental results. The catalytic effect on biodiesel production was examined by varying the parameters as follows: temperatures of 160 to 220 °C, 20–35 min reaction time, methanol-to-oil mole ratio between 5:1 and 20:1, and catalyst loading of 0.5%–1.25%. The maximum biodiesel yield was 94.96 ± 0.12% obtained under the optimum reaction conditions of 200 °C, 30 min, and 1:15 oil to methanol molar ratio with 1.0% catalyst loading. The catalyst was reused successfully three times with 90% efficiency without regeneration. The fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were found to be within the limits set by the specifications of the biodiesel standard. This solid acid catalytic method can replace the conventional homogeneous catalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production.

scholarly journals A New Method for Solid Acid Catalyst Evaluation for Cellulose Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-669
Author(s):  
Maksim Tyufekchiev ◽  
Jordan Finzel ◽  
Ziyang Zhang ◽  
Wenwen Yao ◽  
Stephanie Sontgerath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Solid Acids ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Supernatant Liquid

A systematic and structure-agnostic method for identifying heterogeneous activity of solid acids for catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis is presented. The basis of the method is preparation of a supernatant liquid by exposing the solid acid to reaction conditions and subsequent use of the supernatant liquid as a cellulose hydrolysis catalyst to determine the effects of in situ generated homogeneous acid species. The method was applied to representative solid acid catalysts, including polymer-based, carbonaceous, inorganic, and bifunctional materials. In all cases, supernatant liquids produced from these catalysts exhibited catalytic activity for cellulose hydrolysis. Direct comparison of the activity of the solid acid catalysts and their supernatants could not provide unambiguous detection of heterogeneous catalysis. A reaction pathway kinetic model was used to evaluate potential false-negative interpretation of the supernatant liquid test and to differentiate heterogeneous from homogeneous effects on cellulose hydrolysis. Lastly, differences in the supernatant liquids obtained in the presence and absence of cellulose were evaluated to understand possibility of false-positive interpretation, using structural evidence from the used catalysts to gain a fresh understanding of reactant–catalyst interactions. While many solid acid catalysts have been proposed for cellulose hydrolysis, to our knowledge, this is the first effort to attempt to differentiate the effects of heterogeneous and homogeneous activities. The resulting supernatant liquid method should be used in all future attempts to design and develop solid acids for cellulose hydrolysis.

Efficient synthesis of diphenyl carbonate from dibutyl carbonate and phenol using square-shaped Zn–Ti–O nanoplates as solid acid catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (103) ◽  
pp. 84621-84626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixue Wang ◽  
Shimin Liu ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Benqun Yang ◽  
Ahmad S. Alshammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Diphenyl Carbonate ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Efficient Synthesis

Efficient synthesis of diphenyl carbonate from dibutyl carbonate and phenol using square-shaped Zn–Ti–O nanoplates as solid acid catalyst.

scholarly journals Pre-treatment of biomasses using magnetised sulfonic acid catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yane Ansanay ◽  
Praveen Kolar ◽  
Ratna Sharma-Shivappa ◽  
Jay Cheng ◽  
Sunkyu Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Panicum Virgatum L ◽  
Pre Treatment

There is a significant interest in employing solid acid catalysts for pre-treatment of biomasses for subsequent hydrolysis into sugars, because solid acid catalysts facilitate reusability, high activity, and easier separation. Hence the present research investigated pretreatment of four lignocellulosic biomasses, namely Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L ‘Alamo’), Gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides), Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) and Triticale hay (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) at 90°C for 2 h using three carbon-supported sulfonic acid catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized via impregnating p-Toluenesulfonic acid on carbon (regular) and further impregnated with iron nitrate via two methods to obtain magnetic A and magnetic B catalysts. When tested as pre-treatment agents, a maximum total lignin reduction of 17.73±0.63% was observed for Triticale hay treated with magnetic A catalyst. Furthermore, maximum glucose yield after enzymatic hydrolysis was observed to be 203.47±5.09 mg g–1 (conversion of 65.07±1.63%) from Switchgrass treated with magnetic A catalyst. When reusability of magnetised catalysts were tested, it was observed that magnetic A catalyst was consistent for Gamagrass, Miscanthus × Giganteus and Triticale hay, while magnetic B catalyst was found to maintain consistent yield for switchgrass feedstock. Our results suggested that magnetised solid acid catalyst could pre-treat various biomass stocks and also can potentially reduce the use of harsh chemicals and make bioenergy processes environment friendly.

Preparation and Characterization of SO42-/Fe-Al-Activated Solid Acid Catalyst

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 438-444
Author(s):  
Xiang Ying Hao ◽  
Yu Li Zhang ◽  
Guan Hua Shen ◽  
Wen Sheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Acid Catalysts

SO42-/ Al-Fe-activated solid acid catalysts had been prepared in different conditions using cross-linking method, and characterized by XRD, BET, FTIR spectra and TG-DTA. The catalyst performed highly catalytic activity in the hydration of turpentine to α-terpineol.

Polyvinyl trisulfonate ethylamine based solid acid catalyst for the efficient glycosylation of sugars under solvent free conditions

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (127) ◽  
pp. 104715-104724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash A. Chaugule ◽  
Amol R. Jadhav ◽  
Hern Kim
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Solvent Free Conditions ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

We have synthesized Brønsted solid acid catalysts which exhibited effective catalytic activity for acid catalyzed glycosylation reactions.

scholarly journals A Facile Approach to the Synthesis of 3-Acylisoxazole Derivatives by the Use of Reusable Solid Acid Catalysts

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Itoh ◽  
Mamiko Hayakawa ◽  
Rina Abe ◽  
Shinji Takahashi ◽  
Kenta Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Nitrile Oxides

Nitrile oxides were obtained from α-nitro ketones by the use of silica-gel supported sodium hydrogensulfate (NaHSO4/SiO2) or Amberlyst 15 as solid acid catalyst, and then the corresponding 3-acylisoxaszoles were obtained from alkynes via the 1,3-dipolar ([3+2]) cycloaddition. These heterogeneous catalysts are easily separable from the reaction mixture, and reused up to the synthesis. This synthetic method provides a facile, efficient and reusable production of 3-acylisoxazoles.

scholarly journals Lignin-Derived Carbon Fibers as Efficient Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalysts for Esterification of Oleic Acid

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (47-48) ◽  
pp. 2865-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiba Adhikari ◽  
Zach Hood ◽  
Nidia Gallego ◽  
Cristian Contescu
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Oleic Acid Content

The production of biodiesel by the esterification of oleic acid, as an example of free fatty acid (FFA), was explored by using a new solid acid catalyst derived from lignin, a highly abundant low-cost biomass material. The catalyst was synthesized from lignin-derived carbon fiber by straightforward sulfonation and contains 1.86 mmol/g of sulfonic acid (-SO3H) groups. The catalyst was characterized by a variety of techniques including PXRD, TGA, TPD-MS, SEM, and XPS to understand the surface chemistry and the result of sulfonation. It was found that the sulfonated lignin-derived carbon fiber (CF-SO3H) catalyst was very efficient at esterifying oleic acid at 80 oC in 4 hours, with 10 wt. % catalyst (in terms of oleic acid content) and at a 10:1 molar ratio of methanol: oleic acid with a yield of 92%. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused with no significant loss in activity after 4 cycles. Hence, synthesizing solid acid catalysts from lignin-derived carbon fiber affords a novel strategy for producing biodiesel via ‘green chemistry’.

Synthesis, characterization and properties of Ce-modified S2O82−/ZnAl2O4 solid acid catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (128) ◽  
pp. 105908-105916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Xia Wang ◽  
An-Qi Wang ◽  
Yu-Lin Xing ◽  
Zheng-Xin Zhu ◽  
Xiu-Ling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Acid Catalysts ◽  
Acid Catalysts

A new S2O82−/ZnAl2O4-4 wt% Ce solid acid catalyst with stable spinel structure performed the high activity and well reusability in esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol.

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