From Online Randomized Controlled Trials to Participant Preference Studies: Morphing the San Francisco Stop Smoking Site into a Worldwide Smoking Cessation Resource

Abstract Introduction: American Indians have the highest smoking rates in the United States, yet few randomized controlled trials of culturally specific interventions exist. This study assessed American Indians’ opinions about evidence-based treatment and attitudes toward participating in clinical trials. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted based on smoking status (current/former smoker), sex, and elder status (55 years and older or younger). Meetings were held at local American Indian community organizations. This project was accomplished in partnership with the American Indian Community Tobacco Projects, a community–academic research partnership at the University of Minnesota. Thematic qualitative data analyses were conducted. Results: Participants desired the following: (a) programs led by trained American Indian community members, (b) the opportunity to connect with other American Indian smokers interested in quitting, and (c) programs promoting healthy lifestyles. Strategies desired for treatment included (a) free pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (b) nominal incentives, e.g., gift cards for groceries; and (c) culturally specific program components such as American Indian images, education on traditional tobacco use, and quit-smoking messages that target the value of family and include narratives or story telling in recruitment and program materials. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence, such as salivary cotinine or carbon monoxide breathalyzers, is likely acceptable. Standard treatment or delayed treatment control groups were viewed as potentially acceptable for randomized study designs. Conclusions: Rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials of culturally specific smoking cessation interventions are sorely needed but will only be accomplished with the commitment of funders, researchers, and collaborative trusting relationships with the community.

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4066 In Teenagers Who Smoke Cigarettes Are Nicotine Patches as Compared to Placebo Effective to Decrease the Number of Cigarettes Smoked? – A Systematic Review

Journal of Clinical and Translational Science ◽

10.1017/cts.2020.408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (s1) ◽

pp. 138-138

Author(s):

Obumneke A Amadi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Nicotine Patch ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Nicotine Patches ◽

Continuous Abstinence

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The aim was to examine whether nicotine patch was more effective in encouraging abstinence from cigarettes smoking compared to placebo. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Randomized controlled trials involving the general teenage age group smokers who were current smokers-“smoked less than 100 cigarettes over their lifetime and smoked at the time of the interview. Databases were searched for relevant studies reported in English that employed a randomized design published since 2000. Two authors extracted data and assessed quality. The primary outcomes and prioritization were continuous abstinence at 3, 6 and 12-month follow-up or more for the number of patients who responded to treatment, defined as a reduction/abstinence. Heterogeneity between studies did not preclude combined analyses of the data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: 4 of 266 publications were included. Four studies reported positive effects on smoking cessation at end of treatment: (1) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 weeks – 9 weeks months; (2) nicotine patch improved continuous abstinence at 3 to 6 months; (3) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence 6 and 12 months; (4) nicotine patches improved continuous abstinence at 6 months – 12 and 24 months (5). All studies showed, continuous abstinence at follow up differed in percentage between groups both at 6 weeks through 24 months, with NRT (Nicotine patch) intervention groups achieving higher rates in most of the studies compared to placebo intervention group. Conclusions: NRT intervention methods seem to increase smoking abstinence in those treated for smoking cessation. Further and larger sample size studies are required to make stronger the base of evidence. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Four randomized controlled trials investigating the effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions, for teenagers who smoke cigarettes were identified for inclusion in this review. Four of the studies reported significant effects on smoking cessation, providing evidence of effectiveness of NRT (nicotine patch), behavioral support and combinations of the two, although not all trials intervention treatments found an effect. The four studies reported important intervention effects at both the short and long follow-ups required: 6 weeks up to the 24 months, thereby, providing stronger evidence to support the effectiveness of NRT intervention on smoking cessation. All studies showed some evidence of improved smoking abstinence outcomes. The four studies had in common that the smoking cessation interventions provided a combination of intent to treat prevention, and of all the clinical trials none of them suggested a negative effect of smoking cessation treatment on substance use outcomes using NRT. However, the studies used reliable methods and reported their cases properly, but the small number of studies reviewed for the systematic review makes the conclusion about the effectiveness of these interventions uncertain. The papers visibly stated how the trials protected against bias, as indicated by the Yes (low risk). No (high risk) and U as “unclear risk.” All four studies conducted a random sequence generation of participants enrolled into the study sample.

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Between Inhale and Exhale

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587214524580 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 144-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chia-Liang Dai ◽

Manoj Sharma

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

English Language ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Quantitative Design

The current study provided a review of evidence-based yoga interventions’ impact on smoking cessation. The researchers reviewed articles obtained from MEDLINE (PubMed), EBSCOHOST, PROQUEST, MEDINDIA, CINAHL, Alt HealthWatch, and AMED databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: ( a) study published between 2004 and 2013, ( b) study published in English language, ( c) study used yoga-based interventions, ( d) study involved smokers with varying level of smoking, ( e) study used any quantitative design, and ( f) study had physiological and/or psychological outcomes. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Designs were 2 pre–post tests and 8 randomized controlled trials. Majority of the interventions were able to enhance quitting smoking rates in the participants under study. Yoga-based interventions hold promise for smoking cessation. Some of the limitations include short follow-up measurements and short duration of intervention.

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Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Canadian Medical Association Journal ◽

10.1503/cmaj.070256 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 179 (2) ◽

pp. 135-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 182

Author(s):

M. J. Eisenberg ◽

K. B. Filion ◽

D. Yavin ◽

P. Belisle ◽

S. Mottillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Randomized controlled trials using electronic nicotine delivery systems as smoking cessation aids require an accurate, empirically-based understanding of the nicotine delivery profile of the products under study

Journal of Public Health and Emergency ◽

10.21037/jphe-20-124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 20-20

Author(s):

Sarah F. Maloney ◽

Cosima Hoetger ◽

Alyssa K. Rudy ◽

Alisha Eversole ◽

Ashlee N. Sawyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Nicotine Delivery

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Combination Pharmacological Interventions for Smoking Cessation and Post-Cessation Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Journal of Korean Society of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.14519/kjot.2020.28.4.10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 121-135

Author(s):

Gail Castañeda ◽

◽

Jaewon Kang ◽

Mi Jung Lee ◽

Nancy Schaefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Pharmacological Interventions ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: an individual patient meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.oa5135 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ralph Elvi Villalobos ◽

Gene Philip Louie Ambrocio ◽

Lenora Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Mindfulness training for smoking cessation: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105316637667 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 1841-1850 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Maria Theodora Oikonomou ◽

Marios Arvanitis ◽

Robert L Sokolove

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Smoking Cessation ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Percent Confidence Interval ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Randomized Controlled

Recent studies have shown that mindfulness training has a promising potential for smoking treatment. In order to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training in smoking cessation, we performed a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Four randomized controlled trials with 474 patients were included in our analysis. The results showed that 25.2 percent of participants remained abstinent for more than 4 months in the mindfulness group compared to 13.6 percent of those who received usual care therapy (relative risk, 1.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04–3.40). Our results suggest that mindfulness training may have an important role to play in efforts to lower cigarette smoking rates.

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