scholarly journals Multiple Information Sources and Consequences of Conflicting Information About Medicine Use During Pregnancy: A Multinational Internet-Based Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Hämeen-Anttila ◽  
Hedvig Nordeng ◽  
Esa Kokki ◽  
Johanna Jyrkkä ◽  
Angela Lupattelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Medicine Use ◽  
Conflicting Information

An Examination of Pilot-Reported Trust and Response to Information Conflicts Experienced on the Flight Deck

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Meredith Carroll ◽  
Paige Sanchez ◽  
Donna Wilt
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Aviation Pilots ◽  
Flight Deck ◽  
Navigation Information

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to examine how pilots respond to conflicting information on the flight deck. In this study, 108 airline, corporate, and general aviation pilots completed an online questionnaire reporting weather, traffic, and navigation information conflicts experienced on the flight deck, including which information sources they trusted and acted on. Results indicated that weather information conflicts are most commonly experienced, and typically between a certified source in the panel and an uncertified electronic flight bag application. Most participants (a) trusted certified systems due to their accuracy, reliability, recency, and knowledge about the source, and (2) acted on the certified system due to trust, being trained and required to use it, and its indicating a more hazardous situation.

Preferred Repairs for Inconsistent Databases

2005 ◽  
pp. 480-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Greco ◽  
Cristina Sirangelo ◽  
Irina Trubitsyna ◽  
Ester Zumpano
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Integrity Constraints ◽  
Inconsistent Databases ◽  
Inconsistent Information ◽  
Conflicting Information

The objective of this article is to investigate the problems related to the extensional integration of information sources. In particular, we propose an approach for managing inconsistent databases, that is, databases violating integrity constraints. The problem of dealing with inconsistent information has recently assumed additional relevance as it plays a key role in all the areas in which duplicate information or conflicting information is likely to occur (Agarwal et al., 1995; Arenas, Bertossi & Chomicki, 1999; Bry, 1997; Dung, 1996; Lin & Mendelzon, 1999; Subrahmanian, 1994).

scholarly journals Non-locality, contextuality and valuation algebras: a general theory of disagreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2157) ◽  
pp. 20190036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Abramsky ◽  
Giovanni Carù
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Constraint Satisfaction Problems ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Inference Algorithms ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
Logical Paradoxes ◽  
Non Locality

We establish a strong link between two apparently unrelated topics: the study of conflicting information in the formal framework of valuation algebras, and the phenomena of non-locality and contextuality. In particular, we show that these peculiar features of quantum theory are mathematically equivalent to a general notion of disagreement between information sources. This result vastly generalizes previously observed connections between contextuality, relat- ional databases, constraint satisfaction problems and logical paradoxes, and gives further proof that contextual behaviour is not a phenomenon limited to quantum physics, but pervades various domains of mathematics and computer science. The connection allows to translate theorems, methods and algorithms from one field to the other, and paves the way for the application of generic inference algorithms to study contextuality. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Contextuality and probability in quantum mechanics and beyond’.

scholarly journals Applying Extensions of Evidence Theory to Detect Frauds in Financial Infrastructures

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Coppolino ◽  
Salvatore D’Antonio ◽  
Valerio Formicola ◽  
Luigi Romano
Keyword(s):  
Information Sources ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Evidence Theory ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Mobile Money ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
New Models ◽  
Money Transfer ◽  
Theory Of Evidence

The Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory of evidence has significant weaknesses when dealing with conflicting information sources, as demonstrated by preeminent mathematicians. This problem may invalidate its effectiveness when it is used to implement decision-making tools that monitor a great number of parameters and metrics. Indeed, in this case, very different estimations are likely to happen and can produce unfair and biased results. In order to solve these flaws, a number of amendments and extensions of the initial DS model have been proposed in literature. In this work, we present a Fraud Detection System that classifies transactions in a Mobile Money Transfer infrastructure by using the data fusion algorithms derived from these new models. We tested it in a simulated environment that closely mimics a real Mobile Money Transfer infrastructure and its actors. Results show substantial improvements of the performance in terms of true positive and false positive rates with respect to the classical DS theory.

Alternative Medicine Use Common in Epilepsy

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
MICHELE G. SULLIVAN
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Medicine Use

Eye Movements of Children and Adults While Reading Television Subtitles

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry d'Ydewalle ◽  
Wim De Bruycker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Single Text ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
Reading Patterns ◽  
Attentional System

Abstract. Eye movements of children (Grade 5-6) and adults were monitored while they were watching a foreign language movie with either standard (foreign language soundtrack and native language subtitling) or reversed (foreign language subtitles and native language soundtrack) subtitling. With standard subtitling, reading behavior in the subtitle was observed, but there was a difference between one- and two-line subtitles. As two lines of text contain verbal information that cannot easily be inferred from the pictures on the screen, more regular reading occurred; a single text line is often redundant to the information in the picture, and accordingly less reading of one-line text was apparent. Reversed subtitling showed even more irregular reading patterns (e.g., more subtitles skipped, fewer fixations, longer latencies). No substantial age differences emerged, except that children took longer to shift attention to the subtitle at its onset, and showed longer fixations and shorter saccades in the text. On the whole, the results demonstrated the flexibility of the attentional system and its tuning to the several information sources available (image, soundtrack, and subtitles).

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