scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Three-Dimensional Portable Document Format (3D PDF) in Clinical Communication and Biomedical Sciences: Applications, Tools, and Protocols (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Newe ◽  
Linda Becker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Scientific Meeting ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Standard File Format ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Biomedical Publications ◽  
Document Format

BACKGROUND The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the standard file format for the communication of biomedical information via the Internet and for electronic scholarly publishing. Although PDF allows for the embedding of three-dimensional (3D) objects and although this technology has great potential for the communication of such data, it is not broadly used by the scientific community or by clinicians. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to provide an overview of existing publications that apply 3D PDF technology and the protocols and tools for the creation of model files and 3D PDFs for scholarly purposes to demonstrate the possibilities and the ways to use this technology. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles searched for were in English, peer-reviewed with biomedical reference, published since 2005 in a journal or presented at a conference or scientific meeting. Ineligible articles were removed after screening. The found literature was categorized into articles that (1) applied 3D PDF for visualization, (2) showed ways to use 3D PDF, and (3) provided tools or protocols for the creation of 3D PDFs or necessary models. Finally, the latter category was analyzed in detail to provide an overview of the state of the art. RESULTS The search retrieved a total of 902 items. Screening identified 200 in-scope publications, 13 covering the use of 3D PDF for medical purposes. Only one article described a clinical routine use case; all others were pure research articles. The disciplines that were covered beside medicine were many. In most cases, either animal or human anatomies were visualized. A method, protocol, software, library, or other tool for the creation of 3D PDFs or model files was described in 19 articles. Most of these tools required advanced programming skills and/or the installation of further software packages. Only one software application presented an all-in-one solution with a graphical user interface. CONCLUSIONS The use of 3D PDF for visualization purposes in clinical communication and in biomedical publications is still not in common use, although both the necessary technique and suitable tools are available, and there are many arguments in favor of this technique. The potential of 3D PDF usage should be disseminated in the clinical and biomedical community. Furthermore, easy-to-use, standalone, and free-of-charge software tools for the creation of 3D PDFs should be developed.

scholarly journals Towards an easy generation of scientific three-dimensional models for embedding into 3D PDF (Portable Document Format) files

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Newe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Biomedical Image Processing ◽  
Intensive Training ◽  
Biomedical Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Document Format

The Portable Document Format (PDF) allows for embedding three-dimensional (3D) models and is therefore particularly suitable to exchange and present respective data, especially as regards scholarly articles. The generation of the necessary model data, however, is still challenging, especially for inexperienced users. This prevents an unrestrained proliferation of 3D PDF usage in scientific communication. This article introduces a new module for the biomedical image processing framework MeVisLab. It enables even novice users to generate the model data files without requiring programming skills and without the need for an intensive training by simply using it as a conversion tool. Advanced users can benefit from the full capability of MeVisLab to generate and export the model data as part of an overall processing chain. Although MeVisLab is primarily designed for handling biomedical image data, the new module is not restricted to this domain. It can be used for all scientific disciplines.

scholarly journals 3D Documentation with TLS of Caliphal Gate (Ceuta, Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5377
Author(s):  
Rubén Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Julio Manuel de Luis-Ruiz ◽  
Raúl Pereda-García ◽  
Gema Fernández-Maroto ◽  
Beatriz Malagón-Picón
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
3D Documentation ◽  
Document Format

Three-dimensional surveying with a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) has implied a revolution in the field of 3D modeling, as this methodology provides detailed point-clouds with simplified processes of capture. In addition to the point-clouds, other outputs can be obtained, such as ortho-images, virtual itineraries, 2D cartography, and meshes, which implies a second avenue of multimedia products, such as 3D Portable Document Format (PDF) files and interactive applications. All these options are interesting for the management and broadcast of cultural heritage. The works that have been developed in this research are aimed at setting a workflow for the TLS surveying works and subsequent data management for the generation of a 3D model of the Caliphal Gate of Ceuta, which is considered as one of the most important medieval findings in Spain in recent years, and its immediate surroundings. This model and the different outputs that have been obtained from it allow for the continuation of the historiographic analysis of the complex, while documenting a partial stage in the development of the works of enhancement. In addition to this, these products are not only useful in terms of conservation studies or enhancement, as they are also suitable for the dissemination of the site. Special attention has been set on the paid suitable software for data management while generating the outputs, and for its application by the final users.

Design and Implementation of a Self-Directed Stereochemistry Lesson Using Embedded Virtual Three-Dimensional Images in a Portable Document Format

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy A. Cody ◽  
Paul A. Craig ◽  
Adam D. Loudermilk ◽  
Paul M. Yacci ◽  
Sarah L. Frisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Three Dimensional Images ◽  
Document Format

scholarly journals Interactive visualization of three-dimensional maxillofacial prosthetic data in portable document format: A potential new approach for scientific publications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Elbashti
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Interactive Visualization ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Electronic Documentation ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
3D Perception ◽  
New Approach ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Document Format

Rendering three-dimensional (3D) structures of maxillofacial prosthetics within a single two-dimensional (2D) document offers great opportunities for the readers of scientific publications to interactively visualize these structures with in-depth 3D perception. The capabilities of Portable document format (PDF) have not yet been fully utilized in maxillofacial prosthetics publications especially when considering that PDF is the most common file format for publishing articles. This article briefly reviews the application of PDF in the visualization of 3D data within scientific publications. It also introduces an effective interactive visualization approach by embedding 3D data into PDF file for journal publications and discuss its impact on maxillofacial prosthetic publications. It emphasizes on the usage of this electronic document, when used to its full potential, could be used to illustrate embedded 3D interactive maxillofacial prosthetic data, which can be viewed and manipulated by the reader without the need for specific 3D viewing softwares. Thus, this article compiles the capabilities of PDF which is beyond just an electronic documentation exchange and viewing static 2D structures in scientific publications. (Int J Maxillofac Prosthetics 2019;1:2-8)

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