scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of an Identical, Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Mobile Text Messaging Versus Email: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Torhild Gram ◽  
Dillys Larbi ◽  
Silje Camilla Wangberg
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Time Point

BACKGROUND There is a need to deliver smoking cessation support at a population level, both in developed and developing countries. Studies on internet-based and mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions have shown that these methods can be as effective as other methods of support, and they can have a wider reach at a lower cost. OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare, on a population level, the efficacy of an identical, tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by mobile text messaging versus email. METHODS We conducted a nationwide 2-arm, double-blinded, fully automated RCT, close to a real-world setting, in Norway. We did not offer incentives to increase participation and adherence or to decrease loss to follow-up. We recruited users of the website, slutta.no, an open, free, multi-component Norwegian internet-based smoking cessation program, from May 2010 until October 2012. Enrolled smokers were considered as having completed a time point regardless of their response status if it was 1, 3, 6, or 12 months post cessation. We assessed 7315 participants using the following inclusion criteria: knowledge of the Norwegian language, age 16 years or older, ownership of a Norwegian cell phone, having an email account, current cigarette smoker, willingness to set a cessation date within 14 days (mandatory), and completion of a baseline questionnaire for tailoring algorithms. Altogether, 6137 participants were eligible for the study and 4378 participants (71.33%) provided informed consent to participate in the smoking cessation trial. We calculated the response rates for participants at the completed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post cessation. For each arm, we conducted an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for each completed time point. The main outcome was 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the completed 6 months post cessation. We calculated effect size of the 7-day self-reported PPA in the text message arm compared with the email arm as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the 4 time points post cessation. RESULTS At 6 months follow-up, 21.06% (384/1823) of participants in the text message arm and 18.62% (333/1788) in the email arm responded (<italic>P</italic>=.07) to the surveys. In the ITT analysis, 11.46% (209/1823) of participants in the text message arm compared with 10.96% (196/1788) in the email arm (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.30) reported to have achieved 7 days PPA. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide, double-blinded, large, fully automated RCT found that 1 in 9 enrolled smokers reported 7-day PPA in both arms, 6 months post cessation. Our study found that identical smoking cessation interventions delivered by mobile text messaging and email may be equally successful at a population level. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01103427; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01103427

scholarly journals Comparing the Efficacy of an Identical, Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Mobile Text Messaging Versus Email: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/12137 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e12137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Torhild Gram ◽  
Dillys Larbi ◽  
Silje Camilla Wangberg
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Time Point

Background There is a need to deliver smoking cessation support at a population level, both in developed and developing countries. Studies on internet-based and mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions have shown that these methods can be as effective as other methods of support, and they can have a wider reach at a lower cost. Objective This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare, on a population level, the efficacy of an identical, tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by mobile text messaging versus email. Methods We conducted a nationwide 2-arm, double-blinded, fully automated RCT, close to a real-world setting, in Norway. We did not offer incentives to increase participation and adherence or to decrease loss to follow-up. We recruited users of the website, slutta.no, an open, free, multi-component Norwegian internet-based smoking cessation program, from May 2010 until October 2012. Enrolled smokers were considered as having completed a time point regardless of their response status if it was 1, 3, 6, or 12 months post cessation. We assessed 7315 participants using the following inclusion criteria: knowledge of the Norwegian language, age 16 years or older, ownership of a Norwegian cell phone, having an email account, current cigarette smoker, willingness to set a cessation date within 14 days (mandatory), and completion of a baseline questionnaire for tailoring algorithms. Altogether, 6137 participants were eligible for the study and 4378 participants (71.33%) provided informed consent to participate in the smoking cessation trial. We calculated the response rates for participants at the completed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post cessation. For each arm, we conducted an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for each completed time point. The main outcome was 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the completed 6 months post cessation. We calculated effect size of the 7-day self-reported PPA in the text message arm compared with the email arm as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the 4 time points post cessation. Results At 6 months follow-up, 21.06% (384/1823) of participants in the text message arm and 18.62% (333/1788) in the email arm responded (P=.07) to the surveys. In the ITT analysis, 11.46% (209/1823) of participants in the text message arm compared with 10.96% (196/1788) in the email arm (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.30) reported to have achieved 7 days PPA. Conclusions This nationwide, double-blinded, large, fully automated RCT found that 1 in 9 enrolled smokers reported 7-day PPA in both arms, 6 months post cessation. Our study found that identical smoking cessation interventions delivered by mobile text messaging and email may be equally successful at a population level. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01103427; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01103427

scholarly journals Six-Month Outcomes from the NEXit Junior Trial of a Text Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention for High School Students: Randomized Controlled Trial With Bayesian Analysis

10.2196/29913 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e29913
Author(s):  
Marcus Bendtsen ◽  
Preben Bendtsen ◽  
Ulrika Müssener
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
School Students ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Prolonged Abstinence

Background The prevalence of daily or occasional smoking among high school students in Sweden was approximately 20% in 2019, which is problematic since lifestyle behaviors are established in adolescence and track into adulthood. The Nicotine Exit (NEXit) Junior trial was conducted in response to a lack of evidence for the effects of text message smoking cessation interventions among high school students in Sweden. Objective The aim of this study was to estimate the 3- and 6-month effects of a text messaging intervention among high school students in Sweden on smoking cessation outcomes. Methods A 2-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial was employed to estimate the effects of the intervention on smoking cessation in comparison to treatment as usual. Participants were recruited from high schools in Sweden using advertising and promotion by school staff from January 10, 2018, to January 10, 2019. Weekly or daily smokers who were willing to make a quit attempt were eligible for inclusion. Prolonged abstinence and point prevalence of smoking cessation were measured at 3 and 6 months after randomization. Results Complete case analysis was possible on 57.9% (310/535) of the participants at 6 months, with no observed statistically significant effect on 5-month prolonged abstinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 0.73-2.20; P=.39) or 4-week smoking cessation (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.83-2.46; P=.20). Sensitivity analyses using imputation yielded similar findings. Unplanned Bayesian analyses showed that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. The findings were limited by the risk of bias induced by high attrition (42.1%). The trial recruited high school students in a pragmatic setting and included both weekly and daily smokers; thus, generalization to the target population is more direct compared with findings obtained under more strict study procedures. Conclusions Higher than expected attrition rates to follow-up 6 months after randomization led to null hypothesis tests being underpowered; however, unplanned Bayesian analyses found that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. Future trials of smoking cessation interventions targeting high school students should aim to prepare strategies for increasing retention to mid- and long-term follow-up. Trial Registration IRCTN Registry ISRCTN15396225; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15396225 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-3028-2

scholarly journals Six-Month Outcomes from the NEXit Junior Trial of a Text Messaging Smoking Cessation Intervention for High School Students: Randomized Controlled Trial With Bayesian Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Bendtsen ◽  
Preben Bendtsen ◽  
Ulrika Müssener
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
School Students ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Prolonged Abstinence

BACKGROUND The prevalence of daily or occasional smoking among high school students in Sweden was approximately 20% in 2019, which is problematic since lifestyle behaviors are established in adolescence and track into adulthood. The Nicotine Exit (NEXit) Junior trial was conducted in response to a lack of evidence for the effects of text message smoking cessation interventions among high school students in Sweden. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to estimate the 3- and 6-month effects of a text messaging intervention among high school students in Sweden on smoking cessation outcomes. METHODS A 2-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial was employed to estimate the effects of the intervention on smoking cessation in comparison to treatment as usual. Participants were recruited from high schools in Sweden using advertising and promotion by school staff from January 10, 2018, to January 10, 2019. Weekly or daily smokers who were willing to make a quit attempt were eligible for inclusion. Prolonged abstinence and point prevalence of smoking cessation were measured at 3 and 6 months after randomization. RESULTS Complete case analysis was possible on 57.9% (310/535) of the participants at 6 months, with no observed statistically significant effect on 5-month prolonged abstinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 0.73-2.20; <i>P</i>=.39) or 4-week smoking cessation (OR 1.42; 95% CI 0.83-2.46; <i>P</i>=.20). Sensitivity analyses using imputation yielded similar findings. Unplanned Bayesian analyses showed that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. The findings were limited by the risk of bias induced by high attrition (42.1%). The trial recruited high school students in a pragmatic setting and included both weekly and daily smokers; thus, generalization to the target population is more direct compared with findings obtained under more strict study procedures. CONCLUSIONS Higher than expected attrition rates to follow-up 6 months after randomization led to null hypothesis tests being underpowered; however, unplanned Bayesian analyses found that the effects of the intervention were in the anticipated direction. Future trials of smoking cessation interventions targeting high school students should aim to prepare strategies for increasing retention to mid- and long-term follow-up. CLINICALTRIAL IRCTN Registry ISRCTN15396225; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN15396225 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-3028-2

scholarly journals A Text Message Delivered Smoking Cessation Intervention: The Initial Trial of TXT-2-Quit: Randomized Controlled Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. e17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth Bock ◽  
Kristin Heron ◽  
Ernestine Jennings ◽  
Kathleen Morrow ◽  
Victoria Cobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Smoking Cessation Intervention ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Initial Trial ◽  
Cessation Intervention

Adaptation and assessment of a text messaging smoking cessation intervention in Viet Nam: A pilot randomized controlled trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Nam Nguyen ◽  
Nina Siman ◽  
Charles M. Cleland ◽  
Trang Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

BACKGROUND Text message (i.e., short message service, SMS) smoking cessation interventions have demonstrated efficacy in high-income countries, but are less well studied in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a fully-automated bidirectional SMS cessation intervention adapted for smokers in Viet Nam. METHODS We adapted the SMS library from two US-based SMS cessation programs. The adaptation process consisted of 7 focus groups to provide data on culturally relevant patterns of tobacco use and to assess message preferences, and a single-arm pilot test of a 6-week SMS intervention. We then conducted a two-arm pilot randomized controlled trial and randomized 100 smokers to receive either the 6-week SMS program (intervention arm; n=50) or weekly text assessment on smoking status (control arm; n=50). Surveys assessed engagement and acceptability at 6 weeks (end of intervention), and biochemically confirmed smoking abstinence at 6 and 12 weeks. Post-intervention in-depth interviews further explored user experiences and perceptions among participants in the intervention arm. RESULTS Participants in both arms reported high levels of program acceptability and engagement. Compared to the control arm, a higher proportion of participants in the intervention arm reported being satisfied with the program (98% vs. 82%). Biochemically verified abstinence was higher in the intervention arm at 6 weeks (20.0% vs. 2.0%; P=.01), but the effect was not significant at 12 weeks (12.0% vs. 6.0%; P=.49). Qualitative interviews suggested additional modifications to enhance the program including tailoring the timing of messages, adding more opportunities to interact with the program, and placing a greater emphasis on messages that described the harms of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS The study supported the feasibility and acceptability of a SMS program adapted for Vietnamese smokers. Future studies are needed to assess whether, with additional modifications, the program is associated with prolonged abstinence. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03219541

scholarly journals A pilot randomized controlled trial of a tailored smoking cessation program for people living with HIV in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elexis C. Kierstead ◽  
Emily Harvey ◽  
Denisse Sanchez ◽  
Kimberly Horn ◽  
Lorien C. Abroms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Objective Morbidity and mortality from smoking-related diseases among people living with HIV (PLWH) in the U.S. surpasses that due to HIV itself. Conventional smoking cessation treatments have not demonstrated strong efficacy among PLWH. We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate a tailored smoking cessation intervention based on the minority stress model. We compared standard of care counseling (SOC) to a tailored intervention (TI) including one face-to-face counseling session incorporating cognitive behavioral therapy to build resilience, and 30 days of 2-way text messaging. Results The primary outcome was smoking cessation. Secondary outcomes included cigarettes per day (CPD), exhaled carbon monoxide (CO), and cessation self-efficacy. A total of 25 participants were enrolled (TI:11, SOC:14), and 2 were lost to follow-up. There were no significant differences in quit rates between study groups. However, there was a significantly greater decrease in CPD in the TI versus SOC (13.5 vs. 0.0, p-value:0.036). Additionally, self-efficacy increased in both groups (TI p-value:0.012, SOC p-value:0.049) and CO decreased in both groups (TI p-value: < 0.001, SOC p-value:0.049). This intervention shows promise to support smoking cessation among PLWH. A larger study is needed to fully evaluate the efficacy of this approach. Clinical trial: Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered (10/20/2020) NCT04594109.

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