Cost-effectiveness of guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy compared with usual care for depression: results from an implementation project (Preprint)
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic condition whereby the prevalence is expected to grow with the aging trend of high-income countries. Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (iCBT) has proven efficacy in treating MDD. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of implementing a community-based iCBT intervention (Super@, the Spanish program for the MasterMind project) for treating MDD. METHODS The cost-effectiveness of the Super@ program was assessed with the Monitoring and Assessment Framework for the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (MAFEIP) tool, using a 3-state Markov model. Data from the cost and effectiveness of the intervention were prospectively collected from the implementation of the program by a healthcare provider in Badalona (Spain); the corresponding data for usual care were gathered from the literature. The health states, transition probabilities, and utilities were computed using the scores of the patient health questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). RESULTS The analysis was performed using data from 229 participants using the Super@ program. Results showed that the intervention was more costly than usual care; the 3%-discounted and non-discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were € 29,367 and € 26,484 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), respectively. The intervention was cost-effective based on the 30K willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold typically applied in Spain. According to the deterministic sensitivity analyses, the potential reduction of costs associated with intervention scale-up would reduce the ICER of the intervention, although it remained more costly than usual care. A discount in the incremental effects up to 5% exceeded the WTP threshold of 30K. CONCLUSIONS The Super@ program, an iCBT intervention for treating MDD, was more costly than TAU. Still, its implementation in Spain would be cost-effective from the healthcare and societal perspective at a WTP threshold of 30K compared with TAU. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable