Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in Liquid Phase Catalyzed by Cobalt Oxide

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol

Cobalt oxide was synthesized by mechano-chemical process in solid phase and was characterized by particle size analysis, nitrogen adsorption, XRD and DRIFT. A study was performed to evaluate the catalytic activities of cobalt oxide for oxidation of benzyl alcohol in liquid phase, using toluene as solvent. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as the reaction products. Effects of various parameters like reaction time, temperature, catalyst loading and partial pressure of oxygen on reaction performance were studied. Activation energy was found as 46.14 kJ/mol. Langmuir-Hinshelwood type of mechanism was found to be applicable to experimental data. The catalyst was found to be heterogeneous in nature, which can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration.

Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Oxide and Investigation of its Catalytic Activities for Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in Liquid Phase

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Nitrogen Effect ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Catalyst Effect

Manganese oxide was prepared by mechano-chemical process in solid state and was characterized by chemical and physical techniques. Chemical techniques include determination of oxygen content while physical techniques, includes surface area and pore size analyses, particle size, XRD, FTIR and SEM analyses. The synthesized manganese oxide was shown to have octahedral layered structure. The catalytic activity of manganese oxide was studied by carrying out the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in liquid phase using n-octane as solvent at temperature (<373) and oxygen pressure of up to one atmosphere. Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid were identified as the reaction products. However, benzoic acid appeared in reaction mixture after complete conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Influence of different reaction parameters like comparison of reduced and unreduced catalyst, leaching of catalyst, effect of air, oxygen and nitrogen, effect of catalyst loading, life span of catalyst, effect of time and effect of partial pressure of oxygen on the reaction performance was studied. The catalyst can easily be separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, and can be regenerated by washing with water and ethanol and drying at 323 K.

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Solution after Hydrothermal Conversion of Fly Ash on a Semi-Technical Scale for Zeolite Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Rafał Panek ◽  
Jarosław Madej ◽  
Lidia Bandura ◽  
Grzegorz Słowik
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Zeolite Synthesis ◽  
Hydrothermal Conversion ◽  
Waste Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Zeolites

Nowadays, using fly ash for zeolites production has become a well-known strategy aimed on sustainable development. During zeolite synthesis in a hydrothermal conversion large amount of post-reaction solution is generated. In this work, the solution was used as a substrate for Na-A and Na-X zeolites synthesis at laboratory and technical scale. Obtained materials were characterized using particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm. Produced zeolites revealed high purity (>98%) and monomineral zeolitic phase composition. The SiO2 content was in the range 39–42% and 40–38%, whereas Al2O3 content was 23–22% and 25–26% for Na-X and Na-A, respectively. TEM and BET analyses revealed Na-X zeolite pores were almost identical to commercial 13X with SBET in the range 671–734 m2/g. FTIR indicated slight differences between materials obtained at laboratory and technical scale in Si-O-(Si/Al) bridges of the zeolitic skeleton. The results showed good replicability of the laboratory process in the larger scale. The proposed method allows for waste solution reusability with a view to highly pure zeolites production in line with circular economy assumptions.

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