Strategies to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among School Children: A Systematic Review

Introduction: The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide among school children thereby raising a public health concern.Aim: The aim of the review was to explore global literature concerning the various strategies utilised in prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among school children and their efficacy.Methodology: A retrospective search of articles published from 2009 to 2019 was done. The following electronic databases; Cochrane, Embase, ERIC, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PEDRO, PubMed and Science Direct were individually searched using specifically developed search strategies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool and by two independent reviewers.Results: Eleven studies of sound quality were included. The studies show that primary prevention of type 2 diabetes among school children is cardinal as children will grow up knowing about the disease and its consequences. The prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus requires various combinations of interventional program elements including dietary education/counselling, physical activity, diabetes knowledge, competence building, school, social and community support being considered concurrently. None of the studies identified was done in Africa.Conclusion: Findings concretise that healthy diets and exercise outcomes coupled with explicit programs are key to type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention among school children.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is becoming the most common type of diabetes in school children

Acta Diabetologica ◽

10.1007/s00592-004-0149-8 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

A. E. Pontiroli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

School Children ◽

Common Type

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Screening Copenhagen school children at risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus using random capillary blood glucose

Acta Paediatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00305.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 885-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Seija Pearson ◽

Elisabeth J. Broløs ◽

Eva B. Herner ◽

Bente Hansen ◽

Birthe S. Olsen

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

School Children ◽

Capillary Blood ◽

Capillary Blood Glucose ◽

Children At Risk ◽

Copenhagen School

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Patients’ Experiences of Barriers and Facilitators for Adherence to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Ethnography

Journal of Social Health and Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3402529 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (02) ◽

pp. 61-72

Author(s):

Subha Gomathy Sridharan ◽

Mahati Chittem ◽

Sravannthi Maya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Qualitative Research ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Skills Training ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

Psychological Determinants ◽

Critical Appraisal Skills

Abstract Objectives The main purpose of this article is to synthesize qualitative research exploring experiences of the factors that facilitated and hindered adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Twenty-six qualitative studies were purposefully included in the final sample. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program criteria for quality assessment of the studies was conducted. A meta-ethnographic approach proposed by Noblit and Hare (1988) was employed to analyze the studies. Using the “reciprocal translation” process, the authors searched for and consolidated the common themes. Results Three major themes were observed: (1) psychological determinants comprising illness beliefs, locus of control, and being forgetful; (2) sociocultural determinants of family and community, culture, and financial aspects; and (3) patients’ relationship with their physicians. Discussion The meta-ethnography underlines the importance of cultural nuances in the subjective experiences of the barriers and enablers of diabetes adherence. The findings support the need to include qualitative research methods to develop and evaluate interventions to improve T2DM adherence in patients. Clinical implications of this meta-ethnography include engaging in psychoeducation sessions for patients and caregivers, helping set reminders for patients, introducing communication skills training for healthcare providers, and including female caregivers/patients actively in diabetes care.

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