HLADR: a database system for enhancing the discovery of biomarkers for predicting human leukocyte antigen-mediated idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) melds well with polypharmacy as another tool to identify medication related problems (MRPs) more specifically so they may be solved most effectively. PGx can pre-emptively assist in medication selection, medication dosing or identify better medications for patients already taking a medication. PGx can also confirm suspect medications of causing MRPs such as adverse drug reactions (ADRs) or drug interactions. In this case, PGx testing confirmed presence of a serious human leukocyte antigen (HLA) drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) after a suspect medication had been stopped.

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Digging Up the Human Genome: Current Progress in Deciphering Adverse Drug Reactions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/824343 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shih-Chi Su ◽

Wen-Hung Chung ◽

Shuen-Iu Hung

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Genomic Technologies ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Modern Genomic

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major clinical problem. In addition to their clinical impact on human health, there is an enormous cost associated with ADRs in health care and pharmaceutical industry. Increasing studies revealed that genetic variants can determine the susceptibility of individuals to ADRs. The development of modern genomic technologies has led to a tremendous advancement of improving the drug safety and efficacy and minimizing the ADRs. This review will discuss the pharmacogenomic techniques used to unveil the determinants of ADRs and summarize the current progresses concerning the identification of biomarkers for ADRs, with a focus on genetic variants for genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug-transporter proteins, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA). The knowledge gained from these cutting-edge findings will form the basis for better prediction and management for ADRs, ultimately making the medicine personalized.

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Applications of Immunopharmacogenomics: Predicting, Preventing, and Understanding Immune-Mediated Adverse Drug Reactions

The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology ◽

10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021818 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 463-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jason H. Karnes ◽

Matthew A. Miller ◽

Katie D. White ◽

Katherine C. Konvinse ◽

Rebecca K. Pavlos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Disposition ◽

Human Leukocyte ◽

Screening Strategy ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Leukocyte Antigen ◽

Immune Mediated ◽

Health Care Burden ◽

Specific Variation

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant health care burden. Immune-mediated adverse drug reactions (IM-ADRs) are responsible for one-fifth of ADRs but contribute a disproportionately high amount of that burden due to their severity. Variation in human leukocyte antigen ( HLA) genes has emerged as a potential preprescription screening strategy for the prevention of previously unpredictable IM-ADRs. Immunopharmacogenomics combines the disciplines of immunogenomics and pharmacogenomics and focuses on the effects of immune-specific variation on drug disposition and IM-ADRs. In this review, we present the latest evidence for HLA associations with IM-ADRs, ongoing research into biological mechanisms of IM-ADRs, and the translation of clinical actionable biomarkers for IM-ADRs, with a focus on T cell–mediated ADRs.

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