Effect of smoke-free home and workplace policies on second-hand smoke exposure levels in children: an evidence summary

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Kabir ◽  
Hillel R Alpert ◽  
Patrick G Goodman ◽  
Sally Haw ◽  
Ilan Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Evidence Summary ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Exposure Levels

Abstract 033: Associations of Smoke-Free Policies With Blood Pressure Changes in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Mayne ◽  
Pamela Schreiner ◽  
Rachel Widome ◽  
David Jacobs ◽  
Penny Gordon-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Smoke Free Policy ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Workplace Policies ◽  
Time Varying Covariates

Introduction: Laws banning smoking in indoor public places have been associated with reductions in second-hand smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease among non-smokers. Second-hand smoke exposure has been associated with hypertension in prior studies. However, it is unknown whether smoke-free policies are associated with changes in blood pressure. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that living in an area with a smoke-free policy banning smoking in restaurants, bars, and/or other workplaces is associated with reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among non-smokers. Methods: Longitudinal data from 2,896 non-smoking participants of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study (aged 18-30 at enrollment, 1985-2011, 14,193 person-exam-years) were linked to state, county, and local 100% smoke-free policies in bars, restaurants, and/or non-hospitality workplaces based on participants’ census tract of residence at each exam. Fixed-effects linear regression estimated associations of each type of smoke-free policy (restaurant, bar, workplace) with within-person changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). Models adjusted for time-varying covariates: exam year (categorical), socio-demographic (education, income, marital status), health-related (body mass index, total physical activity, alcohol use), and policy (state cigarette tax, self-reported ban on smoking in their workplace) covariates, and interactions of baseline covariates (age, sex, race, field center) with exam year to account for differences in blood pressure patterns that were associated with these characteristics (p<0.05 for all interactions). Blood pressure values were adjusted to reflect antihypertensive medication use (+10 mmHg for SBP, +5 mmHg for DBP for those on medication). Results: At baseline, mean SBP was 110.5 mmHg and mean DBP was 69.3 mmHg. By year 25, a majority of participants were exposed to smoke-free policies in restaurants (1,759 of 2,264, 78%), bars (1,536 of 2,264, 68%), and other workplaces (1,518 of 2,264, 67%). Smoke-free policies were associated with within-person reductions in SBP and DBP in fully adjusted models (expressed as average change between exams in mmHg). Mean reductions in SBP were -0.77 (95% CI: -1.51, -0.02) for restaurant policies, -0.73 (95% CI: -1.54, 0.08) for bar policies, and -0.79 (95% CI: -1.51, -0.08) for workplace policies. Mean reductions in DBP were -0.67 (95% CI: -1.27, -0.06) for restaurant policies, -0.54 (95% CI: -1.20, 0.11) for bar policies, and -0.86 (95% CI: -1.44, -0.28) for workplace policies. Conclusions: Smoke-free policies in restaurants and other workplace are associated with within-person reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure among non-smokers. These results suggest an additional health benefit of these policies beyond those previously described in the literature.

Reducing Second-Hand Smoke Exposure for Infants in the NICU/Nursery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Hogan ◽  
Galen Laserson ◽  
Allan Ndovu ◽  
Alec Ohanian ◽  
Lauren Ton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure

scholarly journals Second-hand smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular risk: findings from Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz ◽  
Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoking ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background Second-hand smoking has not been detailedly studied in Peru, where smoking is prohibited in all indoor workplaces, public places, and public transportation. Second-hand smoke exposure may occur at home or any other places. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of second-hand smoking and assess its association with hypertension and cardiovascular risk in Peru. Materials and methods Secondary analysis of a nationally-representative population-based survey including individuals aged 18–59 years. There were two outcomes: hypertension and 10-year cardiovascular risk using the Framingham and the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) risk scores. The exposure was self-reported second-hand smoking during the 7 days before the survey. The association between second-hand smoking and hypertension was quantified with Poisson models reporting prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI); the association between second-hand smoking and cardiovascular risk was quantified with linear regressions reporting coefficients and their 95% CI. Results Data from 897 individuals, mean age: 38.2 (SD: 11.8) years, and 499 (55.7%) females, were analyzed, with 8.7% subjects reporting second-hand smoking at home and 8.3% at work or any other place. Thus, 144 (15.5%; 95% CI: 12.8%-18.6%) subjects reported any second-hand smoking. In multivariable model second-hand smoking was associated with hypertension (PR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.25–4.67), and with 1.2% higher Framingham cardiovascular risk, and 0.2% higher 2019 WHO risk score. Conclusions There is an association between second-hand smoking and hypertension as well as with cardiovascular risk, and 15% of adults reported second-hand smoke exposure overall with half of them exposed at home. There is a need to guarantee smoking-free places to reduce cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals The role of second-hand smoke exposure on smoking cessation in non-tobacco-related cancers

Cancer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 121 (15) ◽  
pp. 2655-2663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawson Eng ◽  
Xin Qiu ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Dan Pringle ◽  
Chongya Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure

Measuring Willingness to Accept Second-Hand Smoke Exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameerah Y. Mansour ◽  
Zuhair Bakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure

scholarly journals Trends and patterns of second-hand smoke exposure amongst the non-smokers in India-A secondary data analysis from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) I & II

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0233861
Author(s):  
Madhur Verma ◽  
Soundappan Kathirvel ◽  
Milan Das ◽  
Ramnika Aggarwal ◽  
Sonu Goel
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Analysis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure

Factors associated with second-hand smoke exposure in non-smoking pregnant women in Spain: Self-reported exposure and urinary cotinine levels

2014 ◽  
Vol 470-471 ◽  
pp. 1189-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Aurrekoetxea ◽  
Mario Murcia ◽  
Marisa Rebagliato ◽  
Ana Fernández-Somoano ◽  
Ane Miren Castilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Urinary Cotinine ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Second Hand Smoke Exposure
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