Preparation and Characterization Mustard Oil, Nutmeg and Cloves to Treat Headache

Abstract: Headache is an extremely common symptom and collectively headache disorders are among the most common of the nervous system disorders, with a prevalence of 48.9% in the general population.1 Headache affects people of all ages, races and socioeconomic status and is more common in women. Some headaches are extremely debilitating and have significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, imposing huge costs to healthcare and indirectly to the economy in general. Only a small proportion of headache disorders require specialist input. The vast majority can be effectively treated by a primary care physician or generalist with correct clinical diagnosis that requires no special investigation. Primary headache disorders – Headaches, tension headache and cluster headache – constitute nearly 98% of all headaches; however, secondary headaches are important to recognise as they are serious and may be life threatening. This article provides an overview of the most common headache disorders and discusses the red flag symptoms that help identify serious causes that merit urgent specialist referral. The current pathway of headache care in the UK is discussed with a view to proposing a model that might fit well in the financially constrained National Health Service (NHS) and with new NHS reforms. The role of the national society, the British Association for the Study of Headache, and the patient organisations such as Headaches Trust in headache education to the professionals and the general public in shaping headache care in the UK is described. The article concludes by summarising evidence-based management of common headache diagnoses. Keywords: Headache, Headaches, tension headache, cluster headache, medication overuse headache

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Headache disorders: differentiating and managing the common subtypes

British Journal of Pain ◽

10.1177/2049463712459691 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 124-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Fayyaz Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Tension Headache ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Care Physician ◽

Common Symptom ◽

National Society ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Special Investigation ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

The Uk ◽

Headache Care

Headache is an extremely common symptom and collectively headache disorders are among the most common of the nervous system disorders, with a prevalence of 48.9% in the general population.1 Headache affects people of all ages, races and socioeconomic status and is more common in women. Some headaches are extremely debilitating and have significant impact on an individual’s quality of life, imposing huge costs to healthcare and indirectly to the economy in general. Only a small proportion of headache disorders require specialist input. The vast majority can be effectively treated by a primary care physician or generalist with correct clinical diagnosis that requires no special investigation. Primary headache disorders – migraine, tension headache and cluster headache – constitute nearly 98% of all headaches; however, secondary headaches are important to recognise as they are serious and may be life threatening. This article provides an overview of the most common headache disorders and discusses the red flag symptoms that help identify serious causes that merit urgent specialist referral. The current pathway of headache care in the UK is discussed with a view to proposing a model that might fit well in the financially constrained National Health Service (NHS) and with new NHS reforms. The role of the national society, the British Association for the Study of Headache, and the patient organisations such as Migraine Trust in headache education to the professionals and the general public in shaping headache care in the UK is described. The article concludes by summarising evidence-based management of common headache diagnoses.

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Acupuncture for Episodic Cluster Headache: A Trigeminal Approach

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2015-211984rep ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 55-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Simon Hayhoe

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Infraorbital Nerve ◽

Episodic Cluster Headache ◽

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalgia ◽

The Uk ◽

Severe Migraine

Following evidence that acupuncture is clinically feasible and cost-effective in the treatment of headache, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends acupuncture as prophylactic treatment for migraine and tension headache. There has thus been expectation that other forms of headache should benefit also. Unfortunately, acupuncture has not generally been successful for cluster headache. This may be due to acupuncturists approaching the problem as one of severe migraine. In fact, cluster headache is classed as a trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. In this case report, episodic cluster headache is treated in the same way as has been shown effective for trigeminal neuralgia. Acupuncture is applied to the contralateral side at points appropriate for stimulating branches of the trigeminal nerve. Thus, ST2 is used for the infraorbital nerve, BL2 and Yuyao for the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves, and Taiyang for the temporal branch of the zygomatic nerve.

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Occipital nerve stimulation for intractable chronic cluster headache or migraine: A critical analysis of direct treatment costs and complications

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413493193 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (16) ◽

pp. 1283-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Oliver Mueller ◽

Hans-Christoph Diener ◽

Philipp Dammann ◽

Kasja Rabe ◽

Vincent Hagel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Chronic Cluster Headache ◽

Treatment Costs ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Occipital Nerve Stimulation ◽

Occipital Nerve ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Direct Treatment ◽

Hospitalization Costs

Background Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) has been shown to be effective for selected patients with intractable headache disorders. We performed a prospective critical evaluation of complications and direct treatment costs. Methods Twenty-seven patients with chronic cluster headache (CCH, n = 24) or chronic migraine (CM, n = 3) underwent a trial phase with bilateral ONS and subsequent implantation of a permanent generator (IPG), if responsive to treatment according to predefined criteria. Procedural and long-term complications as well as direct treatment costs of neuromodulation therapy of ONS were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 20 months (range 5–47 months). Results Twenty-five of 27 patients (93%) responded to treatment. Twenty-one complications in 14 patients were identified, necessitating reoperation in 13 cases. Overall treatment costs were €761,043, including hardware-related costs of €506,019, costs for primary hospital care of €210,496, and complications related to hospitalization costs of €44,528. This results in a per case-based cost of €9445 for hospitalization and €18,741 for hardware costs, totaling €28,186. Conclusion ONS for treatment of refractory CCH and CM is a cost-intensive treatment option with a significant complication rate. Nevertheless, patients with refractory primary headache disorders may experience substantial relief of pain attacks, and headache days, respectively.

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Markers of endothelial function in migraine patients: Results from a bi-center prospective study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102414564890 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 877-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marlene Fischer ◽

Charly Gaul ◽

Hind Shanib ◽

Dagny Holle ◽

Lorin Loacker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Function ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Tension Type Headache ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Endothelial Markers ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type Headache

Background Numerous studies suggest an increased vascular risk in patients with migraine, in particular in those with aura. A possible link between both conditions might be a dysfunction of the vascular endothelium. This observational study analyzed the endothelial markers angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2, Tie-2, sFlt-1 and NT-proBNP for the first time in migraineurs, patients with other primary headache disorders and healthy controls. Methods Patients with episodic migraine with and without aura, episodic cluster headache, tension-type headache and healthy controls were included. Blood samples were obtained during migraine attacks and headache-free periods in migraineurs, in and out of bout in cluster headache and during headache-free periods in tension-type headache and healthy individuals to analyze markers of endothelial function. Results No significant difference in endothelial markers between migraine, other headache disorders and healthy controls was detected. There was no significant difference between migraine attacks and headache-free intervals. Additionally, no distinction could be found between migraine with and without aura. Discussion The endothelial markers analyzed do not display a characteristic pattern in different headache disorders especially migraine compared to healthy controls. The novel findings of our study indicate that factors other than endothelial dysfunction seem to be responsible for the at least statistical association of migraine with vascular disease.

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About differential diagnosis of cephalalgia (literature review)

Journal of New Medical Technologies eJournal ◽

10.12737/7239 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Сапожников ◽

Vladimir Sapozhnikov ◽

Ларикова ◽

A. Larikova

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Literature Review ◽

Tension Headache ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Problem ◽

Trigger Factors ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Adolescent Period

Cephalalgia must be the leading or sometimes the single symptom of 50 different diseases. This paper is devoted to analysis the causes, the clinical features and methods of cephalalgia diagnosis in children, teenagers, as well as the modifiable and trigger factors. There is cephalalgia in 40-60% children and the prevalence of the disease increases with age, especially with the beginning of school, and reaches a peak with adolescent period 75%, this explains the importance of this work. In the last 30 years, scientists have registered the growth of the epidemiology incidence of primary headache disorders, including the chronic form of headaches: tension headache has grown in ten times, migraines – in 5-6 times. Due to the uncertainty of subjective sensations in infancy the revelation of cephalalgia becomes sometimes quite a complicated diagnostic problem. Many researchers mention the difficulty of differentiation of various cephalalgia types in infancy due to insufficient sensibility of diagnostic criteria, which were offered by the International Classification of Headache Disorders 2003. 20-35% of cases cann’t classified. In this article, the importance of headache studying is accentuated, that is necessary for life optimization of children suffering from headaches.

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Cluster Headache and the Comprehension Paradox

SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine ◽

10.1007/s42399-021-01083-z ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Heiko Pohl ◽

Andreas R. Gantenbein ◽

Peter S. Sandor ◽

Jean Schoenen ◽

Colette Andrée

Keyword(s):

Sick Leave ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Leisure Activities ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

The Times ◽

Headache Patients

AbstractPatients with primary headache disorders such as cluster headache cycle between being entirely healthy and almost completely incapacitated. Sick leave or reduced performance due to headache attacks demands flexibility by their social counterparts. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that headache patients cause frustration that grows with the times colleagues have to take over their work. In this study, we analysed cluster headache patients’ answers to an online questionnaire. Participants self-reported their number of sick days, the number of days on which leisure activities were missed and whether they felt understood by colleagues and family. We then investigated the correlation between the number of sick days and the proportion of patients feeling understood by colleagues and friends. We found that feeling understood by colleagues and friends decreases with a growing number of sick days. However, when sick days accrue further, this proportion increases again. The number of sick days correlates similarly with both colleagues’ and friends’ understanding. The number of cluster headache patients feeling understood by others decreases with an increasing number of sick days. Their social circles’ frustration with the patients’ failure to meet obligations and expectations are a likely reason. With a growing number of sick days, however, the portion of patients feeling understood rises again despite patients meeting others’ expectations even less. This ‘comprehension paradox’ implies the influence of other factors. We suspect that growing numbers of sick days foster understanding as the disability of the disease becomes increasingly apparent.

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Primary headache disorders

Neurology Clinical Practice ◽

10.1212/cpj.0000000000000654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 233-240 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Peter J. Goadsby

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Migraine Treatment ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Primary Headache Disorders ◽

Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation ◽

Episodic Cluster Headache

Purpose of reviewTo review 5 new areas in primary headache disorders, especially migraine and cluster headache.Recent findingsCalcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists (gepants—rimegepant and ubrogepant) and serotonin 5-HT1F receptor agonists (ditans—lasmiditan) have completed phase 3 clinical trials and will soon offer novel, effective, well-tolerated nonvasoconstrictor options to treat acute migraine. CGRP preventive treatment is being revolutionized after the licensing of 3 monoclonal antibodies (MABs), erenumab, fremanezumab, and galcanezumab, with eptinezumab to follow, especially designed for migraine; they are effective and well tolerated. For patients seeking a nondrug therapy, neuromodulation approaches, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation, noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS), and external trigeminal nerve stimulation, represent licensed, well-tolerated approaches to migraine treatment. For the acute treatment of episodic cluster headache, nVNS is effective, well tolerated, and licensed; nVNS is effective and well tolerated in preventive treatment of cluster headache. The CGRP MAB galcanezumab was effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled trial in the preventive treatment of episodic cluster headache. Sphenopalatine ganglion stimulation has been shown to be effective and well tolerated in 2 randomized sham-controlled studies on chronic cluster headache. Understanding the premonitory (prodromal) phase of migraine during which patients experience symptoms such as yawning, tiredness, cognitive dysfunction, and food cravings may help explain apparent migraine triggers in some patients, thus offering better self-management.SummaryHeadache medicine has made remarkable strides, particularly in understanding migraine and cluster headache in the past 5 years. For the most common reason to visit a neurologist, therapeutic advances offer patients reduced disability and neurologists a rewarding, key role in improving the lives of those with migraine and cluster headache.

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TM2-5 Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) therapy for refractory primary headache disorders: a pilot study

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.43 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. e14.1-e14

Author(s):

MW Weatherall ◽

D Nandi

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Cervicogenic Headache ◽

Chronic Cluster Headache ◽

Hemicrania Continua ◽

Single Shot ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Trigeminal Neuropathy ◽

Primary Headache Disorders

ObjectivesPrimary headache disorders are common, but many patients are refractory to medical treatment. PENS therapy involves the stimulation of one or more individual nerves or dermatomes using needle probes. We assessed whether a ‘single shot with single probe’ strategy would benefit patients with refractory headache disorders, including chronic migraine (CM), and chronic cluster headache (CCH).DesignService evaluation of 36 patients treated with PENS therapy between September 2012 and June 2016. Follow-up data was available for 33 patients.Subjects16 patients with CM, nine with CCH, and one with hemicrania continua. Secondary headaches comprised occipital neuralgia, cervicogenic headache, and trigeminal neuropathy.MethodsPENS was given using Algotec® disposable 21 gauge PENS therapy probes (8 cm) to the occipital nerve ipsilateral to the pain (or bilaterally in cases of bilateral pain). Stimulation was delivered at 2 Hz/100 Hz, at 3 cycles/second, between 1.2–2.5 V depending on patient tolerability, for 25–28 min.Results6/9 patients with CCH improved significantly after the first session. In all patients with CCH, PENS therapy was well tolerated, with no significant adverse events reported. One patient with CCH reverted to episodic cluster. Only four patients with CM experienced any benefit.ConclusionsPENS therapy shows potential as a relatively non-invasive, low-risk, and inexpensive component of the treatment options for refractory primary headache disorders, particularly chronic cluster headache.

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Concomitant occurrence of different trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: A case series and review of the literature

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102413506127 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 231-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Andreas Totzeck ◽

Hans-Christoph Diener ◽

Charly Gaul

Keyword(s):

Cluster Headache ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Case Series ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Hemicrania Continua ◽

Paroxysmal Hemicrania ◽

Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias ◽

Headache Disorders ◽

Primary Headache Disorders

Introduction The trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) subsume four primary headache disorders. Hemicrania continua is increasingly regarded as an additional TAC. In rare cases patients may present with two different TACs or a TAC and hemicrania continua. Cases We report four patients with two different TACs or one TAC and hemicrania continua. Two patients presented with cluster headache and paroxysmal hemicrania, one patient with cluster headache and hemicrania continua, and one patient suffered from cluster headache and SUNCT. Discussion While the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II) proposes specific diagnostic criteria, the variability of clinical presentation may make clear diagnosis difficult. All patients fulfilled the ICHD-II criteria. The manifestation of two different TACs or hemicrania continua in one patient is uncommon but possible and should be taken into account especially when chronic headache patients present with changing headache symptoms.

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