General Belief in a Just World, Moral Disengagement, and Helping Propensity in Emergencies

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1936
Author(s):  
Xia Li ◽  
Han Lu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Panhua Zhu ◽  
Jianxin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Just World ◽  
Internal Attribution ◽  
General Belief ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
External Attribution ◽  
Emergency Scenarios

We used the theory of belief in a just world (BJW) to systematically examine how general BJW influences decision making about helping in emergency situations involving different attributions. Participants were 740 college students who completed a survey measuring general BJW, moral disengagement, and propensity to help in emergency scenarios. Results showed that both general BJW and attribution scenario type influenced emergency helping. Furthermore, general BJW moderated the magnitude of the effect of victim attribution on helping, playing a stronger role in negatively predicting helping propensity in an obscure attribution scenario than in drunken (internal attribution) or accident (external attribution) scenarios. Moral disengagement mediated the effect of general BJW on helping only in the obscure attribution scenario. These findings provide further empirical evidence for BJW theory, accounting for some situations involving immoral decision making, as well as clarifying where and how general BJW influences the propensity to help.

scholarly journals Core Self-Evaluations, Self-Leadership, and the Self-Serving Bias in Managerial Decision Making: A Laboratory Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Matteo Cristofaro ◽  
Pier Luigi Giardino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Internal Attribution ◽  
Managerial Decision Making ◽  
External Attribution ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Core Self

The self-leadership construct has received great attention from scholars over the last 40 years due to its capacity to influence personal effectiveness. However, despite strongly influencing individuals’ self-efficacy, performed studies did not determine whether self-leadership is connected, and how, with the Core-Self Evaluation (CSE) trait—a complex personality disposition based on self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability—that has been found impacting decision-making processes within organizations. Moreover, it has not been identified whether individuals with a high level of self-leadership are more prone to be victims of some cognitive biases in decision-making processes, such as the internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures (i.e., Self-Serving Bias, SSB) that are usually led by the strong belief of individuals in their own capacities. The outlined gaps can be substantiated by the following two research questions: “How is self-leadership related with CSE?” and “How does self-leadership influence the attribution of successes/failures?”. To answer these questions, the following were identified and analyzed for 93 executives: (i) the tendency in the attribution of successes and failures, (ii) the CSE, and (iii) their self-leadership level. Results show that: (i) a high level of CSE is connected with high levels of self-leadership; (ii) high levels of self-leadership bring individuals to the internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures. This work reinforces the stream of (the few) studies that considers a high level of CSE and self-leadership as not always being desirable for managerial decision-making processes and consequent performance. This paper aims to enrich the debate concerning the relations between, on the one hand, self-leadership and, on the other hand, personality traits between self-leadership and decision making.

Event Generation for Emergency Scenarios Simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Anacleto Correia ◽  
Mário Simões-Marques ◽  
Pedro Água
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Support Teams ◽  
Technological Disasters ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Scenarios Simulation ◽  
Event Generation ◽  
Emergency Scenarios ◽  
And Training ◽  
Different Parts

Natural and technological disasters have been part of the daily life of societies in recent decades, causing harm and disruption in different parts of the world where they occur. Emergency management is the discipline that aims to promote support to the populations involved in a disaster, in order to mitigate the consequences of such disaster. Modelling and simulation plays a key role in decision-making and training in face of complex systems and procedures. Organizations responsible for responding to different types of disaster need tools that can improve the training and preparation of disaster support teams, creating scenarios as close to reality as possible. This chapter reports the creation of a solution for a scenario generation system capable of producing events similar to those verified in disasters, with a view to conducting training sessions, including near-real-time tabletop exercises and the planning and execution of field exercises, with the aim of decision-making training for relief teams in emergency situations.

Th e Eff ect of Attribution on Athlete Scandals: Consumer Responses toward Scandalized Athletes and Endorsements

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Yong Jae Ko ◽  
Joon Sung Lee ◽  
Shintaro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Internal Attribution ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
External Attribution ◽  
Informational Cues ◽  
Attribution Process

The purpose of the current study, drawing on attribution theory, was to investigate consumers’ attribution process and its impact on their responses to a scandalized athlete and endorsement. The results of the experiment indicate that the distinctiveness of an athlete scandal prompts external attribution while having a negative impact on internal attribution. Additionally, the consistency of an athlete scandal triggers internal attribution. Moreover, the results show that internal (external) attribution has direct negative (positive) impact on attitude toward the scandalized athlete. Lastly, the results show that consumers’ attribution type indirectly determines the consumer responses toward the troubled athlete and endorsement perception. Findings of the current study provide empirical evidence to explain what informational cues consumers utilize when making causal inferences and how such causal inferences subsequently affect the consumer responses. Th e current study also provides marketing managers with useful implications to make informed decisions in the athlete transgression context.

Minimizing Missed Opportunities: Modeling Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2009 ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
A. Oleynik
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Power Domination ◽  
Individual Decision Making ◽  
Optimal Outcomes

Power involves a number of models of choice: maximizing, satisficing, coercion, and minimizing missed opportunities. The latter is explored in detail and linked to a particular type of power, domination by virtue of a constellation of interests. It is shown that domination by virtue of a constellation of interests calls for justification through references to a common good, i.e. a rent to be shared between Principal and Agent. Two sources of sub-optimal outcomes are compared: individual decision-making and interactions. Interactions organized in the form of power relationships lead to sub-optimal outcomes for at least one side, Agent. Some empirical evidence from Russia is provided for illustrative purposes.

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