Effect of environmental and physiological variables on saliva production in Hirudinaria granulosa (Indian cattle leech)

In this study, the effects of an experimental-induced provocation on emotions and aggression were examined in 34 aggressive conduct-disordered children using a competitive reaction time paradigm. Two experimental conditions were created, an increasing provocation and a low constant provocation condition. Self-rated anger was assessed directly after provocation on a 5-point-visual scale. In addition, negative and positive emotions as well as physiological measures (heart rate and skin conductance level) were measured at baseline and after provocation. Results revealed that participants’ aggressive behaviour and subjective emotions differed as a function of the opponent’s level of provocation. Concerning physiological parameters, no significant differences were found between the experimental conditions. These results suggest that affective, but not physiological variables characterize reactive aggression in conduct-disordered children.

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Effects of Fear Induction on Heart Period Variability

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027//0269-8803.13.1.18 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 18-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rudolf Stark ◽

Alfons Hamm ◽

Anne Schienle ◽

Bertram Walter ◽

Dieter Vaitl

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Self Report ◽

Emotional States ◽

Heart Period ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Heart Period Variability ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Period Variability

Abstract The present study investigated the influence of contextual fear in comparison to relaxation on heart period variability (HPV), and analyzed differences in HPV between low and high anxious, nonclinical subjects. Fifty-three women participated in the study. Each subject underwent four experimental conditions (control, fear, relaxation, and a combined fear-relaxation condition), lasting 10 min each. Fear was provoked by an unpredictable aversive human scream. Relaxation should be induced with the aid of verbal instructions. To control for respiratory effects on HPV, breathing was paced at 0.2 Hz using an indirect light source. Besides physiological measures (HPV measures, ECG, respiration, forearm EMG, blood pressure), emotional states (pleasure, arousal, dominance, state anxiety) were assessed by subjects' self-reports. Since relaxation instructions did not have any effect neither on the subjective nor on the physiological variables, the present paper focuses on the comparison of the control and the fear condition. The scream reliably induced changes in both physiological and self-report measures. During the fear condition, subjects reported more arousal and state anxiety as well as less pleasure and dominance. Heart period decreased, while EMG and diastolic blood pressure showed a tendency to increase. HPV remained largely unaltered with the exception of the LF component, which slightly decreased under fear induction. Replicating previous findings, trait anxiety was negatively associated with HPV, but there were no treatment-specific differences between subjects with low and high trait anxiety.

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Ambulatory Activity Monitoring

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.14.2.142 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 142-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Johannes B.J. Bussmann ◽

Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer ◽

Jochen Fahrenberg

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Activity Monitoring ◽

Main Stream ◽

Computer Algorithms ◽

Ambulatory Activity ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Piezoresistive Sensors ◽

Self Reports ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Objectively Measured

Behavior is central to psychology in almost any definition. Although observable activity is a core aspect of behavior, assessment strategies have tended to focus on emotional, cognitive, or physiological responses. When physical activity is assessed, it is done so mostly with questionnaires. Converging evidence of only a moderate association between self-reports of physical activity and objectively measured physical activity does raise questions about the validity of these self-reports. Ambulatory activity monitoring, defined as the measurement strategy to assess physical activity, posture, and movement patterns continuously in everyday life, has made major advances over the last decade and has considerable potential for further application in the assessment of observable activity, a core aspect of behavior. With new piezoresistive sensors and advanced computer algorithms, the objective measurement of physical activity, posture, and movement is much more easily achieved and measurement precision has improved tremendously. With this overview, we introduce to the reader some recent developments in ambulatory activity monitoring. We will elucidate the discrepancies between objective and subjective reports of activity, outline recent methodological developments, and offer the reader a framework for developing insight into the state of the art in ambulatory activity-monitoring technology, discuss methodological aspects of time-based design and psychometric properties, and demonstrate recent applications. Although not yet main stream, ambulatory activity monitoring – especially in combination with the simultaneous assessment of emotions, mood, or physiological variables – provides a comprehensive methodology for psychology because of its suitability for explaining behavior in context.

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Isolated and Combined Effect of Aerobic and Pilates Exercise on Selected Motor Fitness Components and Physiological Variables Among Adolescent Boys

Global Journal For Research Analysis ◽

10.15373/22778160/mar2014/52 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 151-153

Author(s):

MANGESH KUMAR PAL ◽

◽

Dr. P. K. Subramaniam Dr. P. K. Subramaniam

Keyword(s):

Combined Effect ◽

Adolescent Boys ◽

Fitness Components ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Motor Fitness

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Assessing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure – Strategies and Tools

European Cardiology Review ◽

10.15420/ecr.2012.8.2.128 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 128

Author(s):

Ali Vazir ◽

Martin R Cowie ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Pulse Contour Analysis ◽

Decompensated Heart Failure ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Clinical Syndrome ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Contour Analysis ◽

Physiological Variables ◽

Co Morbidity

Acute heart failure – the rapid onset of, or change in, signs and/or symptoms of heart failure requiring urgent treatment – is a serious clinical syndrome, associated with high mortality and healthcare costs. History, physical examination and early 2D and Doppler echocardiography are crucial to the proper assessment of patients, and will help determine the appropriate monitoring and management strategy. Most patients are elderly and have considerable co-morbidity. Clinical assessment is key to monitoring progress, but a number of clinical techniques – including simple Doppler and echocardiographic tools, pulse contour analysis and impedance cardiography – can help assess the response to therapy. A pulmonary artery catheter is not a routine monitoring tool, but can be very useful in patients with complex physiology, in those who fail to respond to therapy as would be anticipated, or in those being considered for mechanical intervention. As yet, the serial measurement of plasma natriuretic peptides is of limited value, but it does have a role in diagnosis and prognostication. Increasingly, the remote monitoring of physiological variables by completely implanted devices is possible, but the place of such technology in clinical practice is yet to be clearly established.

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