Foreshore Reclamation of Incheon during the Port Opening Period and Expansion of Modern Towns

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 55-93
Author(s):  
jin-han Park
Keyword(s):  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 220-250
Author(s):  
José Antonio Mateo Oviedo

Desde la crisis financiera de 1929, las relaciones económicas entre países vivieron un período de acomodación que afianzó y a la vez generó vínculos bilaterales en la oferta y demanda de mercancías. Simultáneamente al estallido de la crisis, un puerto de ultramar de la región central de la provincia de Buenos Aires en Argentina comenzó a operar como exportador de granos. La pregunta que intentamos responder es cómo interactuaron ambos procesos tanto en la región adyacente al puerto (hinterland) como en el alcance mundial que alcanzaron las exportaciones salidas por él (foreland). Nuestro objetivo es medir y evaluar la adaptación de un puerto y su hinterland a este doble contexto de crisis y apertura internacional. Para alcanzarlo hemos confeccionado una base de datos con los registros del tráfico naviero llevado por la policía portuaria local (la Prefectura Nacional Marítima) y la Aduana de Puerto Quequén, a la que hemos cruzado con otras estadísticas oficiales acerca de la producción en el área y el volumen y tipo de exportaciones extraídas por el puerto. Los resultados obtenidos muestran por un lado una correlación positiva entre la apertura portuaria y el volumen de la producción del hinterland y por otro la conformación de un foreland alternativo al previo a la crisis para la economía del país, el cual implicó un mayor acercamiento a los países de la región. Un foreland segmentado al que remitían con casi exclusividad forrajes (avena y cebada) para los puertos ubicados en Europa y trigo para diversos puertos americanos. La crisis, al menos mirada desde Puerto Quequén, fue oportunidad de redefinición de la producción, de experimentación de circuitos económicos, de integración con la región continental y de reducción de parte de la dependencia tradicional de la demanda europea. Palabras clave: historia, puerto, exportaciones agrícolas,  Gran Depresión, Puerto Quequén.Between the Crisis and a New Port: The Agricultural Exports of the Region of Puerto Quequén during the Great Depression (1929-1939)AbstractFrom the financial crisis of 1929, the economic relations between countries lived a period of accommodation that guaranteed and simultaneously it generated bilateral links in the offer and demand of goods. Simultaneously to the start of the crisis, a port of overseas in the central region of the Buenos Aires province in Argentina began to operate as exporter of grains. The question that we try to answer is how both processes interacted in the adjacent region to the port (hinterland) as well as the world scope of the exports (foreland). Our aim is to measure and to evaluate the adjustment of a port and his hinterland to this double context of crisis and international opening. To reach it we have made a database with the records of the shipping traffic taken by the port local police (the National Maritime Prefecture) and the Customs of Port Quequén, to which we have crossed with other official statistics brings over of the production in the area and the volume and type of exports extracted by the port. The obtained results show on the one hand a positive correlation between the port opening and the volume of the production in the hinterland and for other one the conformation of an alternative foreland to the before one the crisis for the economy of the country, which implied a major approximation to the countries of the region. A segmented foreland, from which it was sent almost in exclusivity, forage (oats and barley) for the ports located in Europe and wheat for diverse American ports. The crises −at least looked from Port Quequén- was an opportunity of redefinition of the production, of experimentation of economic circuits, of integration with the continental region and of reduction on behalf of the traditional dependence of the European demand. Keywords: history, port, agricultural exports, Great Depression, Port Quequén.


2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 476-480
Author(s):  
Hao Huang ◽  
Zhong Wei Sun ◽  
Xiong Li

With the application of FLUENT, in the inner flow field of the non-circular opening spool valve, the three-dimensional steady-state model was simulated at different valve port opening. The numerical simulation and visual analysis of the aboved flow field was carried out. In the valve port, the mass flow simulation value was compared with the calculated value. Then the relations of the valve opening size and speed, pressure and valve port flow characteristic of the flow field could be abtained. This method is helpful of analysis to different valve port structures, and plays an important role in the improvement of hydraulic valve performance.


Author(s):  
Nguyen Anh Tuan ◽  
K. D. Huang

In a highly developed living, people are always looking for a comfortable indoor environment with minimum energy use. Individual air-conditioning system (IACS) can create an individual thermal environment control in a workroom which can contribute to save air-conditioning energy. In this study, we analyze the airflow circulation cell of the IACS with varied outlet port opening and outlet port position dimensions using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. We created an IACS, two workstations, lightings, and a cabinet in a 3-dimensional room. The fluid was assumed to be Newtonian, unsteady, and incompressible. A Bossinesq approximation was determined in order to consider the buoyancy effect. We examined the effects of the outlet port opening and outlet port position on airflow circulation establishing process. Air temperatures along the various midline of the occupied zone were predicted and compared for a range of outlet port opening and outlet port position by using non-dimensional form. We also showed the occupied zone temperature at various planes in the workroom. Results will indicate the suitable outlet port opening and outlet port position for maintaining individual satisfied occupants’ requirements and improving energy saving potential.


2019 ◽  
pp. 281-310
Author(s):  
Richard E. Killblane
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Duol Kim ◽  
Heejin Park

After several hundred years of a closed-door policy, Korea finally opened its ports in 1876. Historians have traditionally claimed that the port-opening was coerced by foreign countries, deteriorated the Korean economy, and led to Korea becoming a colony. We examined this view by measuring biological living standards and find the opposite. The height of the male Hangryu Deceased, who died on the street but whose bodies were not claimed, increased by 1.1 cm from the 1880s to the 1910s. This also implies that free trade rather than new institutions might matter more for economic growth during the colonial era.


2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 210306
Author(s):  
Willyanto Anggono ◽  
Mitsuhisa Ichiyanagi ◽  
Reina Saito ◽  
Gabriel J. Gotama ◽  
Chris Cornelius ◽  
...  

Intake airflow characteristics are essential for the performance of diesel engines. However, previous investigations of these airflow characteristics were mostly performed on two-valve engines despite the difference between the airflow of two-valve and four-valve engines. Therefore, in this study, particle image velocimetry (PIV) investigations were performed on a four-valve diesel engine. The investigations were conducted under different engine speeds and helical port openings using a swirl control valve (SCV). The results suggest that the position of the swirl center does not significantly shift with different engine speeds and helical port openings, as the dynamics of the flow remained closely similar. The trends of the airflow characteristics can be best observed during the compression stroke. A higher engine speed increases the angular velocity of the engine more compared to the increase of the airflow velocity and results in a lower swirl ratio of the flow. On the other hand, a higher engine speed leads to a higher mean velocity and the variation of velocity results in a larger turbulence intensity of the flow. Increasing the helical port opening brings a reduction in the swirl ratio and turbulence intensity as more airflow from the helical port disturbs the airflow from the tangential port.


Author(s):  
Kelsey Fieseler ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs ◽  
Mark Patterson

This study discusses the motion of the articulated connecting rod of an integral-engine compressor and the effect of the kinematics on in-cylinder pressure and port timings. A piston position modeling technique based on kinematics and engine geometry is proposed in order to improve the accuracy of simulated in-cylinder compression pressures. Many integral-engine compressors operate with an articulated connecting rod. For this type of engine-driven compressor, two power pistons share a crank throw with the compressor. The hinge pins that attach the power piston connecting rods to the crank are offset, causing the piston locations for each cylinder to be out of phase with each other. This causes top dead center to occur at different crank angles, alters the geometric compression ratio, and also changes the port timings for each cylinder. In this study, the equations of motion for the pistons of the four possible compressor/piston configurations of a Cooper-Bessemer GMW are developed. With the piston profiles, the intake and exhaust port timings were determined and compared to those of a slider-crank mechanism. The piston profile was then inputted into GT-POWER, an engine modeling software developed by Gamma Technologies, in order to obtain an accurate simulation match to the experimental in-cylinder pressure data collected from a Cooper-Bessemer GMWH-10C. Assuming the piston motion of an engine with an articulated connecting rod is similar to a slider-crank mechanism can create a difference in port timings. The hinge pin offset creates asymmetrical motion about 180°aTDC, causing the port timings to also be asymmetrical about this location. The largest differences are shown in the intake port opening of about 10° and a difference in exhaust port opening of about 7° when comparing the motion of the correct configuration to the motion of a slider-crank mechanism. It is shown that properly calculating the piston motion profiles according to the crank articulation and engine geometry provides a good method of simulating in-cylinder pressure data during the compression stroke.


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