scholarly journals Seasonal Daytime Activity Budget of Mongolian Gobi Argali Sheep (Ovis ammon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Barry Rosenbaum ◽  
◽  
Sukh Amgalanbaatar ◽  
Richard P. Reading ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Insight Into

Activity patterns provide insight into the overall relationship between a species and its environment. Despite declines in populations of argali and some attention on ecological questions, limited information exists on argali behavior. We measured diurnal activity budgets of argali for 12 months by recording behavior (i.e., foraging, bedding, standing, traveling, other) with instantaneous scan sampling at 5-minute intervals. Argali exhibited seasonal differences in activity budgets. The greatest proportion of daytime in winter was spent foraging. The greatest proportion of daytime in summer was spent bedding. Argali reduced all other behaviors in winter in favor of foraging. In summer argali reduced their foraging to a seasonal low and increased bedding. Behavior was constrained by forage in winter and by temperatures in summer. Females fed more than males in all seasons. Other behaviors varied according to season and reproductive periods. Females demonstrated highest vigilance in spring and summer, while males exhibited highest vigilance during the autumn rut. These data are the first regarding detailed behavior of argali and are valuable to their management and conservation by providing information on constraints faced by the species.

scholarly journals Diurnal activity budget of Hippopotamus amphibius at Bui National Park, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred Bempah ◽  
Daniel Osei Owusu
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Management And Conservation

Animals apportion time for their daily behavioral activities. We studied the activity budget of Hippopotamus amphibius at the Black Volta River in the Bui National Park, Ghana. We performed instantaneous scan sample using ground count survey between August 2020 to July 2021. We observed that H. amphibius spent most of their day time resting (54.75 %), followed by feeding (22.93 %), walking (19.2 %) and touching (3.12 %). We found significant difference in the time spent between the daily activities (H = 41.67; p < 0.0001). Except activities involving touching, we found no significant seasonal differences in feeding, resting and walking activities by H. amphibius. Understanding the behavioral activities of H. amphibius will enhance management and conservation of the animals.

Relationship between Diurnal Activity Patterns, Cryptic Coloration, and Subsequent Avoidance of Predaceous Fish by Perlid Stoneflies

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2630-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair W. Feltmate ◽  
D. Dudley Williams ◽  
Adriane Montgomerie
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Cryptic Coloration ◽  
High Illumination ◽  
Low Illumination ◽  
Paragnetina Media ◽  
First Time

We demonstrate that prey (stoneflies), which are either solidly coloured or patterned, coordinate intervals of maximum daytime activity with periods when visually foraging predators (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) are least able to detect them. In this study, rainbow trout attacked solidly coloured stonefly nymphs (Paragnetina media) more frequently under conditions of low illumination (simulated dawn and dusk) than high illumination (simulated midday) whereas the frequency of attacks on patterned stonefly nymphs (Agnetina capitata) was reversed. Consequently, in both the presence and absence of trout, the activity (i.e. frequency of crawling) of P. media and A. capitata was highest under conditions of high and low illumination, respectively. The number of attacks by trout on all nymphs was significantly less when nymphs were on dark-brown, rather than mottled, substrates. When given a choice between dark-brown and mottled substrate, both species selected dark substrate. Suggestions that the visual acuity of predators varies as a function of light intensity and the coloration, patterning, and daytime activity of prey are corroborated for the first time.

Redefining the activity pattern of the honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus).

2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Arrese ◽  
PB Runham
Keyword(s):  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Australian Marsupial ◽  
Diurnal Species ◽  
Honey Possum

ANIMALS are commonly separated into two major categories based on their activity patterns: diurnal and nocturnal. However, evidence of numerous species exhibiting diverse periods of activity, including arhythmic and crepuscular habits, broadens the description. The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus), a small West-Australian marsupial feeding exclusively on nectar and pollen, has been described as strongly nocturnal (Wooller et al. 1981; Russell and Renfree 1989). However, infrequent daytime activity in captivity (Russell 1986) and in the wild under cold, cloudy conditions, has been reported (Hopper and Burbidge 1982; du Plessis and du Plessis 1995). During trapping exercises in the region of Jurien Bay (250 km north of Perth, Western Australia), several animals were observed foraging after sunrise and before sunset, with occasional diurnal activity. To date, no study has investigated directly the activity periods of the species. Furthermore, studies of the visual capabilities of T. rostratus revealed that its retinal organisation is not compatible with a nocturnal lifestyle, but presents features comparable to those found in diurnal species (Arrese 2002; Arrese et al. 2002). Such discrepancies warranted the monitoring of activity periods (rhythmicity) of T. rostratus in its natural environment, a study reported here. We discuss our results in the context of the visual ecology of the species.

scholarly journals As clear as day: nocturnal activity differs from diurnal activity in a temporally constrained capital breeder

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 997-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe L. Fraser ◽  
Ross M. Culloch ◽  
Sean D. Twiss
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Nocturnal Activity ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Time-activity budgets are fundamental to behavioural studies, allowing examination of how individuals allocate their time, and potentially energy, and how these patterns vary spatially and temporally and in relation to habitat, individual identity, sex, social status and levels of anthropogenic disturbance. Direct observations of animal behaviour, especially in the wild, are often limited to daylight hours; therefore, many activity budgets relate to diurnal activity only, or assumptions are made about nocturnal activity. Activity budgets have been a key component of many behavioural and energetics studies of breeding grey seals (Halichoerus grypus, Fabricius, 1791), and yet very little is known about nocturnal activity of grey seals, and a general, implicit assumption of no significant change from day to night seems to pervade the literature. Here we use a combination of high resolution digital video and thermal imaging video camera to follow known individual grey seal mothers from day into night to examine activity patterns during lactation. We show distinct differences in nocturnal activity budgets relative to diurnal activity budgets. Mothers spent significantly more time resting with a reduction of time spent in the alert and comfort move behavioural categories during nocturnal periods. It is clear that diurnal time-activity patterns of breeding female grey seals cannot be extrapolated to represent activity across a 24-hour cycle. These considerations are particularly critical in studies that aim to use time-activity budgets as proxies for energy budgets.

Evaluation of Horses’ Daytime Activity Budget in a Model of Ethological Stable: A Case Study in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Giovanna Marliani ◽  
Ilaria Sprocatti ◽  
Giulia Schiavoni ◽  
Andrea Bellodi ◽  
Pier Attilio Accorsi
Keyword(s):  
Activity Budget ◽  
Daytime Activity

scholarly journals The nocturnal bottleneck and the evolution of activity patterns in mammals

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1765) ◽  
pp. 20130508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menno P. Gerkema ◽  
Wayne I. L. Davies ◽  
Russell G. Foster ◽  
Michael Menaker ◽  
Roelof A. Hut
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Light Detection ◽  
Dominant Taxon ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Mammalian Lineage ◽  
The Status

In 1942, Walls described the concept of a ‘nocturnal bottleneck’ in placental mammals, where these species could survive only by avoiding daytime activity during times in which dinosaurs were the dominant taxon. Walls based this concept of a longer episode of nocturnality in early eutherian mammals by comparing the visual systems of reptiles, birds and all three extant taxa of the mammalian lineage, namely the monotremes, marsupials (now included in the metatherians) and placentals (included in the eutherians). This review describes the status of what has become known as the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis, giving an overview of the chronobiological patterns of activity. We review the ecological plausibility that the activity patterns of (early) eutherian mammals were restricted to the night, based on arguments relating to endothermia, energy balance, foraging and predation, taking into account recent palaeontological information. We also assess genes, relating to light detection (visual and non-visual systems) and the photolyase DNA protection system that were lost in the eutherian mammalian lineage. Our conclusion presently is that arguments in favour of the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis in eutherians prevail.

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