scholarly journals Diurnal activity budget of Hippopotamus amphibius at Bui National Park, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godfred Bempah ◽  
Daniel Osei Owusu
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
Behavioral Activities ◽  
Management And Conservation

Animals apportion time for their daily behavioral activities. We studied the activity budget of Hippopotamus amphibius at the Black Volta River in the Bui National Park, Ghana. We performed instantaneous scan sample using ground count survey between August 2020 to July 2021. We observed that H. amphibius spent most of their day time resting (54.75 %), followed by feeding (22.93 %), walking (19.2 %) and touching (3.12 %). We found significant difference in the time spent between the daily activities (H = 41.67; p < 0.0001). Except activities involving touching, we found no significant seasonal differences in feeding, resting and walking activities by H. amphibius. Understanding the behavioral activities of H. amphibius will enhance management and conservation of the animals.

scholarly journals Seasonal Daytime Activity Budget of Mongolian Gobi Argali Sheep (Ovis ammon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Barry Rosenbaum ◽  
◽  
Sukh Amgalanbaatar ◽  
Richard P. Reading ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Insight Into

Activity patterns provide insight into the overall relationship between a species and its environment. Despite declines in populations of argali and some attention on ecological questions, limited information exists on argali behavior. We measured diurnal activity budgets of argali for 12 months by recording behavior (i.e., foraging, bedding, standing, traveling, other) with instantaneous scan sampling at 5-minute intervals. Argali exhibited seasonal differences in activity budgets. The greatest proportion of daytime in winter was spent foraging. The greatest proportion of daytime in summer was spent bedding. Argali reduced all other behaviors in winter in favor of foraging. In summer argali reduced their foraging to a seasonal low and increased bedding. Behavior was constrained by forage in winter and by temperatures in summer. Females fed more than males in all seasons. Other behaviors varied according to season and reproductive periods. Females demonstrated highest vigilance in spring and summer, while males exhibited highest vigilance during the autumn rut. These data are the first regarding detailed behavior of argali and are valuable to their management and conservation by providing information on constraints faced by the species.

scholarly journals Activity pattern and habitat association of Assamese macaques Macaca assamensis McClelland, 1840 in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Kalpana Ghimire ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Chalise
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Assamese Macaques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macaca Assamensis ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Instantaneous Sampling ◽  
Schima Wallichii

Assamese macaque Macaca assamensis McClelland, 1840 is one of the primate species with narrow distribution range and the least exploration. This study investigated the diurnal activity of Assamese macaque and association with the vegetation in Nagarjun Forest of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal. Behaviour sampling including Instantaneous sampling and Ad-libitum sampling (7:30 AM – 4:30 PM) along with vegetation survey (20 m × 20 m plots) were applied. The Raniban Barrack troop of Assamese macaque composed of 12 individuals was observed for a total of 225 hours to record the macaque’s diurnal activity. The troop spent 28% time in inactive, 25% in grooming, 23% in foraging, 23% in locomotion and 1% in fighting. Assamese macaque troop spent more time in Schima wallichii possessing 25.91%, 36.29% and 41.22% for foraging, locomotion and inactive respectively of the diurnal time. Altogether, 67 plant species (herbs, shrubs, trees and climbers) were documented from vegetation analysis. Schima wallichii and Ardisia macrocarpa were dominated the habitat. Paired t-test revealed significant difference in foraging (df = 24, P = 0.010) and inactive (df = 24, P = 0.003) between the morning and day observational phases. The findings of this study shed light on the food preference and microhabitat use by the protected Assamese macaque in Nepal that assists to formulate the management plans for the species.

scholarly journals Species Composition and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) at the Ivindo National Park and Its Environs

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Zinga Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Activity Pattern ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Village

An entomological prospection to show the species composition and diurnal activity of tabanids was carried out using 15 Vavoua traps, during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in the secondary forest [Ivindo National Park (INP)] and Village-Town sites in and around the biosphere reserve Ipassa-IRET Makokou in Gabon. In total, 839 tabanids were caught with 747 recorded at INP and regrouped under 11 species of the genus Tabanus [T. taeniola (57.76%),               T. ricardae (26.32%), T. par (5.54%), T. ruficrus (3.74%), T. socius (3.74%), T. disjunctus (2.49%), T. marmorosus (0.28%) and T. obscurehirtus (0.14%)]. However, two species of the genus Chrysops [C. dimidiatus (70.83%) and C. silaceus (29.17%)] and one species of the genus Haematopota [H. pluvialis (100%)] were only identified at INP. While in the Village-Town sites, 92 tabanids were caught and regrouped under five species of the genus Tabanus [T. ruficrus (14.13%), T. taeniola (9.78%), T. ricardae (73.91%), T. par (1.09%), and T. marmorosus (1.09%)]. Tabanids were more abundant in the forest (7.12 tabanid/trap/day) as compared to the Village-Town (0.77 t/t/d) with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At INP, tabanids showed a unimodal activity pattern with peak attained between 12-14H and in the anthropized milieu (14-16H) and dominated by females.

scholarly journals Abundance and Diurnal Activity Rhythm of Stomoxys spp. in a Wildlife-human Interface in Makokou (North East-Gabon)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽  
Affiri Odzame Joseph-Marie ◽  
Zinga-Koumba Christophe Roland ◽  
Mounioko Franck ◽  
Koumba Armel Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Diurnal Activity ◽  
Human Interface ◽  
North East ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Village

The aim of the study was to determine the abundance and diurnal activity rhythm of Stomoxyinae at the Ivindo National park and its environs, 14 Vavoua traps were set-up during the rainy season (25th Sept-5th Oct and 21st Oct-9th Nov 2018), in two habitats: the forest, a part of the Ivindo National Park (INP) and village-Town. In the Village-Town habitat, 62141 Stomoxys were caught and regrouped under five species notably 36502 S. omega (58.74%), 24045 S. n. niger (38.69%), 1312 S. xanthomelas (2.11%), 265 S. n. bilineatus (0.43%) and 17 S. calcitrans (0.03%). At the INP, 4645 Stomoxys were caught and regrouped under four species notably 2364 S. n. niger (50.89%), 2153 S. omega (46.35%), 114 S. xanthomelas (2.45%) and 14 S. n. bilineatus (0.30%). Stomoxys were more abundant in the village (517.84 s/t/d) as compared to the INP (44.24 s/t/d). There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) in apparent density of Stomoxys in the prospected biotopes. Stomoxys spp. showed a unimodal activity pattern in Village-Town environments and forest sites of the INP. The diurnal activity trend of Stomoxys spp. was sex dependent. This base line data will be used in Stomoxys spp. management in the environs of the INP.

scholarly journals The spatial and agricultural basis of crop raiding by the Vulnerable common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius around Ruaha National Park, Tanzania

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne J. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Red List ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ruaha National Park ◽  
Considerable Pressure ◽  
Management And Conservation

AbstractCategorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius is under considerable pressure from habitat degradation and hunting. Although human–hippopotamus conflict is known to increase retaliatory killing and culling of hippopotamuses, the issue has been little examined. Using interviews I investigated various spatial, ecological and agricultural factors that influence the vulnerability of farms to crop raiding by hippopotamuses in three villages to the south-east of Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. There was a positive correlation between these crop-raiding events and a farm’s proximity to the river and to hippopotamus access points (places where hippopotamuses leave and enter the river). Results from this study provide insights for management and conservation of hippopotamuses, including a need to identify key habitat areas to mitigate future conflict.

scholarly journals The Wadden Sea as a National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site: Students’ Word Associations with These Two Conservation Designations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8006
Author(s):  
Till Schmäing ◽  
Norbert Grotjohann
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Word Associations ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Significant Difference

The Wadden Sea ecosystem is unique in many respects from a biological perspective. This is one reason why it is protected by national parks in Germany and by its designation as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In biology didactics, there are only a few studies that focus on the Wadden Sea. This work investigates students’ word associations with the two stimulus words “national park” and “UNESCO World Heritage Site”. The survey was conducted among students living directly at the Wadden Sea and among students from the inland. The analysis of the identified associations (n = 8345) was carried out within the framework of a quantitative content analysis to be able to present and discuss the results on a group level. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. Overall, results showed that the students made subject-related associations as well as a large number of associations to both stimulus words that could be judged as non-subject-related. In some cases, a connection with the region of residence could be found, but this was not generally the case. Even students’ immediate residential proximity to the Wadden Sea is no guarantee that they have knowledge of the two considered protection terms.

Analysis of the breeding records of a herd of pigs

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
P. M. Clarke ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Large White ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Length Of Gestation

1. A survey and. statistical analysis of the records of litters born in the N.I.R.D. herd of Large White pigs over a period of 16 years are presented.2. The mean length of gestation was 114 days for both gilts and sows.3. The mean numbers of pigs born alive and born dead per litter from gilts, 10·0 and 0·2 respectively, were both significantly smaller than the corresponding figures for sows, 11·8 and O·8. No seasonal differences were found.4. The mean total losses of pigs from birth to weaning at 8 weeks were 29·5% of pigs born alive. The losses in litters from gilts, 23·0%, were significantly smaller than in litters from sows, 31·0%. The losses during the winter months both for gilts, 32·5%, and for sows, 35·9%, were significantly higher than during the summer months, 19·4% and 26·7% for gilts and sows respectively.5. Over 50% of the total losses were due to crushing by the dam, 74·1% of the losses from this cause occurring during the first 48 hr. after birth.6. The mean number of pigs weaned per litter was 8·0. The difference between the number weaned per litter from gilts, 7·7, and per litter from number of pigs was weaned per litter from sows during the summer months, 8·7, than during the winter months, 7·4.7. There was no significant difference between the number of male and of female pigs weaned.8. The mean weight at weaning was 29·9 lb., male pigs, 30·3 lb., being significantly heavier than females, 29·51b. Pigs in litters from gilts, 27·81b., were significantly lighter at weaning than those from sows, 30·0 lb., and for both gilts and sows, pigs reared during the summer months, 29·7 and 31·8 lb. respectively, were significantly heavier than those reared during the winter months, 25·9 and 28·2 lb. respectively.

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