scholarly journals Russian-Chinese cooperation in Central Asia in the context of ‘Belt and Road Initiative:’ Historical retrospective and economic prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-864
Author(s):  
Stanislav E. Martynenko ◽  
Nickolay P. Parkhitko
Keyword(s):  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Silk Road

This article examines Russo-Chinese investment cooperation in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (originally the Silk Road Economic Belt). At the same time, it also studies bilateral agreements, as well as investment and mechanisms. Another focus is the impact of the BRI in Central Asian countries on Russian interests in the region. Research is based on an analysis of the history of joint Russian and Chinese initiatives for economic development to determine the feasibility of cooperation in the BRI. Meanwhile, the authors discuss the BRI’s impact on the economic and foreign policy of the two partners, as well as the risks and opportunities for Russia. The article is based on content and statistical analysis combined with a historical approach. It concludes that Russia and China are actively developing investment cooperation in the framework of the BRI, including the Silk Road Fund. The principal elements of the partnership involve the economy and processing and transporting energy resources. Its objective is to attain both regional economic stability as well as maximizing economic and political independence.

Prospects for Belt and Road in Central Asia in 2018-22

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

Subject Prospects Belt and Road in Central Asia. Significance The Central Asian states are the focus of investment associated with the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), the westward overland part of Beijing's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The SREB offers them a unique chance to become central transport hubs rather than peripheral, landlocked territories but they are also seeking to build productive and export capacity through Chinese investment.

In the Shadow of the Silk Road

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan H. Karrar
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Karakoram Highway ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract This article asks, (1) Why did Afiyatabad, a nondescript bazaar along the Pakistan-China border, emerge along an uninhabited stretch of the Karakoram highway?, and (2) How did Afiyatabad adapt—through bazaar infrastructure, local capital investment, and labor migration—first to state-led development, and more recently, to the promise of economic corridor development? The article illustrates how Afiyatabad emerged from unfolding border regimes on Pakistan's central Asian margins since the 1980s. More recently, the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), one of six corridors under Beijing's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), is channeling upwards of $50 billion of Chinese investment into Pakistan. Yet this border locale has seen little benefit. This article argues that current transborder investments, corresponding infrastructure development, and new assemblages such as economic corridors are moving capital between increasingly distant nodes, in the process leaving places such as Afiyatabad behind.

scholarly journals New Silk Road Implications of Economic Development in Central Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Ahmed Qadri , Sundus Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Transportation Corridor ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Important Position ◽  
The Silk Road

The New Silk Road (NSR), one of China's most ambitious economic plans, was unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013 and is intended to act as the Central Asian component of the Eurasian Belt and Road Initiative (Belt Road) (BRI). By enhancing and expanding China's security arc westward, as well as developing them as a transportation corridor connecting China to Europe, Beijing is able to consolidate its current economic investments while also launching new projects in Central Asia and South Asia, as well as attracting new investment from other countries. The NSR, touted by China as simply a development project, is loaded with wide-ranging security implications. China's infrastructure security and investment concerns in Central Asia are examined in this research, which examines the interplay between these two issues. China's non-state retaliation (NSR) in Central Asia is investigated in three ways: With its securitization push, the Silk Road Initiative not only consolidates the power of the Central Asian regimes; it also grants China an important position managing safeguards; and it allows the ultra-rich to move between the lure of Chinese investments and the appeasement of popular fears about China's growing influence. According to this report, NSR aid and investment from China has received an overall favourable reaction in the area, with some countries concerned about the consequences of the project on their sovereignty and security, as well as the promise of connection and prosperity (a "win-win" situation). A look at China's growing security and economic commitment in Central Asia and the tight Sino-Russian friendship, as well as the areas of collaboration and complementarity between the two countries, is included in the article's concluding paragraphs.

Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and its Implications for Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-67
Author(s):  
Sarwat Rauf ◽  
Adam Saud
Keyword(s):  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Development ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Asian Republics ◽  
The Silk Road

China has been developing new commercial tracks worldwide to make its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) productive and to physically and economically link the neighboring CARs with itself. In this regard, China has been taking collaborative actions towards CARs to establish business linkages and building forward-looking infrastructure. Reciprocally, the welcoming gestures of the CARs towards these arrangements are becoming conspicuous. On the contrary, the West calls it Chinese efforts to put CARs in a strategic loop by helping their ailing economy. This paper, therefore, attempts to explore the advancement of BRI and the responses of the Central Asian Republics (CARs) towards this new development. In addition, the evolving situation shows that increasing partnership between the CARs and China significantly impacts the foreign and domestic policies of Pakistan because ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is aligned with the BRI policy documents. Consequently, any new development in BRI will have substantial trickle-down effects on Pakistan. In this context, this article further examines the impact of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB), as a core of BRI, on Pakistan. henceforth, the article reviews regional connectivity projects under BRI and calculates the potential impact of BRI on the political, economic, and societal spheres of Pakistan.

scholarly journals Logistics Challenges Along the New Silk Roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-307
Author(s):  
Hans-Dietrich Haasis ◽  
Jianhui Du ◽  
Xuejun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

AbstractIn 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping advised to establish the “Silk Road Economic Belt” and the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road,” also referred as the Belt and Road Initiative or the New Silk Roads Policy. The intention is to promote international and regional trade as well as cooperation in and between Asia and Europe. Consequently, international maritime and terrestrial freight transport corridors are either established or strengthened and operated. The purpose of this paper is to reflect the Belt and Road Initiative from the perspective of logistics. The aim is to identify and formulate circumstances, expectations, opportunities, and peculiarities of logistics along the New Silk Roads. For this purpose, four corresponding challenges will be considered and outlined after an introduction to the Belt and Road Initiative. The four logistics challenges concern the awareness of new freight transport corridors and the assessment of possibilities for opening new transport relations and new markets, the implementation of new and the adaptation of existing supply chains to increase strategic logistics flexibility, the availability and use of digital infrastructure and connectivity for improved communication and coordination of logistical processes, and the willingness to consider regional and cultural differences in the preparation and realization of supply chain decisions.

scholarly journals The Role of the Broad-Gauge Metallurgy Line PKP Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa Sp. z o.o. and the Belt and Road Initiative: Transportation in the Development of the Lublin Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mirosław Antonowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Tracichleb
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

<p>The article presents the railway entity PKP LHS Sp. z o.o. and its role in the development of the New Silk Road. In consequence, the increase in traffic on the Silk Road with the participation of Polish companies translates into the economic development of the Lublin Province and the development of border crossings in that province. The importance of transport corridors and the participation of PKP LHS in the development of those corridors have been highlighted. Investment assumptions have been presented, the effects of which will be visible in a few years, strengthening the potential and economic capabilities of the province.</p>

scholarly journals New Trends in Central Asian Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Indeo
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The main aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of the China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and of Uzbekistan's proactive regional policy to promote regional interconnectivity and to develop an “endogenous” cooperation mainly focused on the strategic interests of Central Asian countries. Within the BRI, Central Asia holds a strategic relevance, because this region is crossed by two of the six main BRI corridor projects – the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor and the Eurasian land bridge – which will contribute to improve regional cooperation and connections among these countries. For Central Asian republics, BRI represents an attractive project benefiting of Chinese huge investments aimed to boost infrastructures and to develop national economies. Under Mirziyoyev's leadership, Uzbekistan has undertaken a proactive and constructive regional diplomacy in Central Asia, based on the improvement of relations and cooperation with other Central Asian republics, which has become a key priority of Tashkent's foreign policy.

Belt and Road Initiative in Africa: The Impact of Standard Gauge Railway in Kenya

China Report ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Nancy Muthoni Githaiga ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Debt Sustainability ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Part

China’s Belt and Road has been billed as the single most significant undertaking by the country on the international stage. In Africa, Kenya is a core part of both the Maritime Silk Road and the Belt. The authors have examined the flagship project of this initiative in Kenya, the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) from the port of Mombasa to Nairobi, with a view to analyse the impact so far. Issues of employment, debt sustainability, neocolonialism and specific aspects of the project were looked at. Although our findings indicate that the SGR so far has both positive aspects as well as challenges, for the project to be successful both China and Kenya need to create a synergy towards solving concerns that have arisen from the completion of phase 1 of the project.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jagjeet Lally
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean World ◽  
Continental Interior ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Web

The recent return to terrestrial forms of connectivity over long distances, not least in the wake of China’s inauguration of the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, has renewed interest in the Silk Roads. This chapter explains that the web of routes which connected various parts of Afro-Eurasia persisted throughout the rise of trans-oceanic networks after circa 1500, at which time north-south routes from the Eurasian continental interior into the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean world became more prominent. The history of this remarkable survival is one of the themes of this book. To introduce these themes, this chapter sketches the contours of those states and empires—Mughal, Sikh, Afghan, Safavid, Uzbek, British and Russian—whose fates were tied up with the history of Indo-central Asian caravan trade.

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