INDO- AFGHAN RELATIONS A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

India always had cordial ties with Afghanistan except for the four years of the Taliban rule. September 11 replaced the planet's political and security structure and gave India a chance to enter Afghanistan. Afghanistan's strategic position attracts the global community and it is a gateway to energy-rich CARs. New Delhi's interest in Afghanistan is quite realistic. After the end of the Taliban government in 2001, India increased its influence in Kabul, attended the Bonn Conference, and pledged to support Afghan people in the rehabilitation process. New Delhi enjoyed cordial ties with democratically elected regimes in Afghanistan and promoted its relations with Tehran to protect its objectives in Kabul to contain Islamabad. India has infused a lot of money in several projects in Afghanistan to increase its impact in Afghanistan. The global community thinks India is effective advertising in Southern Asia, but Pakistan believes New Dehli's foot in Kabul threatens its security. Islamabad stresses New Delhi must support Afghan nationals and avoid working against Pakistan from Afghan soil. Afghanistan has been suffering from war for the last two decades. This paper highlights the historical ties between India and Afghanistan

A CASE STUDY OF RADICALIZATION OF ISLAM IN PAKISTAN DURING AFGHAN JIHAD 1979-89

Back in August 1947, Pakistan emerged as sixth Muslim populated country on the map of the world with the claim to spread the peaceful message of Islam throughout the world but during cold war 1947-91, when the Americans and Russians intervened in the decaying politics of Afghanistan, Pakistan also came forward to help its Muslim neighbor to ward off the Russians. Thus, this period encouraged the Taliban to form their government in Afghanistan and helped the Americans to push the Russians out of their country but such a move radicalized Islam in Pakistan. The country drifted into extremism though it was already slightly extremist but during Afghan Jihad the ruling elite and Military also move in that direction. It was after that period, the country adopted the Taliban version of Islam which brought inequality in society, it was that version of Islam which created gender inequality, it was that version of Islam which brought an end to religious freedom, it was that version of Islam which brought an end to the practice of tolerance, forbearing and forgiving, it was that version of Islam which says that Islam spread through the use of sword/force, it was that version of Islam which gave an identity to militant organizations and yes it was that version of Islam which gave birth to the evil of suicide bombings. This article will portray the period during Afghan Jihad which radicalized Islam in Pakistan and analyzes the causes for its acceptance in Pakistan and then suggest solutions to de-radicalize the existing version.

THE STUDY OF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MUMMIES OF EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS FOUND IN EGYPTIAN ARCHEOLOGY

The man tried his level best in different ways to save himself for long in human history. Mummification is one of the ways to save human body forever. This is really a miracle of ancient world. Having less means and no technology, man invented the idea of mummification and saved the body for long. Thousands of mummies were found in different parts of the world. Especially, the mummies of ancient Egypt are unique. The Egyptians utilized the best method and materials in the mummification of the bodies. Many famous pharaohs` mummies were discovered by experts in excavation. These mummies also contribute for exploring the Egyptian history. The mummy of Mereneptah was found from the archaeological site and Allah preserved his body and made it a sign for the later generations. He was the Pharaoh who went back Hazarat Moses (PBUH) and fallen in the sea. Egyptians used to make the mummies of the animals which they consider their gods. Many mummies of animals were found in the ruins of the ancient Egypt.

DOMESTIC PROBLEMS FACED BY FEMALE MINORITIES IN SOUTH EASTERN COUNTRIES SPECIFICALLY PAKISTAN

This study is about domestic problems faced by female minorities in South Asian countries specifically Pakistan. The study focused on racial, caste and religious minorities, focused on domestic issues like forceful change of religion and other domestic problems. There is no disputing the reality that men are given preferential treatment over women in a variety of situations. The questionnaire of this research revealed some critical results regarding domestic problems faced by the female minorities in Pakistan. The research revealed that verbal violence is more dominant among the forms of domestic violence faced by minority women and that women do face these problems because they belong to a minority.

PAK-CHINA RELATIONS: AN ANALYSIS

It is necessary to explore Pakistan-China relations in terms of their longterm bilateral contacts, including the history and evolution of their longterm bilateral ties, as well as the factors and environment that led to the consolidation of their strategic dependence. The two nations established diplomatic connections to begin their bilateral relations, which have since developed into close allies. Afterwards, they deepened their engagement with one another and strengthened their strategic reliance, which they nicknamed the "Iron Brothers" partnership. Throughout the course of this study, the foundations of comprehensive cooperation in Pakistan-China relations at various phases of their evolution are examined, as well as the imperatives of interdependence between the two countries. Particular attention is paid to the relevance of China in the increasing dynamics of South Asia, including India's ambitions to gain regional dominance and its connections with other nations, notably the United States, and the significance of China in the rising dynamics of South Asia. According to the conclusion of the talk, the imperatives of regional security, notably the growing Indo-US collaboration, have given rise to new dimensions in Pakistan's relationship with China in the years after September 11, 2001.

GENDER INEQUALITIES AS A GLOBAL ISSUE AND ITS EFFECTS ON WORLD DEVELOPMENT

We are born in a world full of stereotypes, from the moment we are conceive both boys and girls are subjected to be a stereotype. Gender inequality has been seen in every sector and every norm of life and has a major impact on world development. Inequality is one of the most sensitive topics of all time and has an economic phenomenon that has existed in human history. Gender inequality is considered to be one of the most important issue which has been thoroughly highlighted globally and we as a nation have seen its worst impact on world development. The article is a blended study of qualitative and quantitative analysis regarding gender issues and its impacts on the development of different sectors of the world. The dimensions of women empowerment and economic development are the main focuses in this writing. The results found that women play an important role in the development of the world, either it is economic or social or political. It also found that the underdeveloped countries are facing more concerns regarding gender inequalities as compare to the developed world.

New Silk Road Implications of Economic Development in Central Asia

The New Silk Road (NSR), one of China's most ambitious economic plans, was unveiled by President Xi Jinping in 2013 and is intended to act as the Central Asian component of the Eurasian Belt and Road Initiative (Belt Road) (BRI). By enhancing and expanding China's security arc westward, as well as developing them as a transportation corridor connecting China to Europe, Beijing is able to consolidate its current economic investments while also launching new projects in Central Asia and South Asia, as well as attracting new investment from other countries. The NSR, touted by China as simply a development project, is loaded with wide-ranging security implications. China's infrastructure security and investment concerns in Central Asia are examined in this research, which examines the interplay between these two issues. China's non-state retaliation (NSR) in Central Asia is investigated in three ways: With its securitization push, the Silk Road Initiative not only consolidates the power of the Central Asian regimes; it also grants China an important position managing safeguards; and it allows the ultra-rich to move between the lure of Chinese investments and the appeasement of popular fears about China's growing influence. According to this report, NSR aid and investment from China has received an overall favourable reaction in the area, with some countries concerned about the consequences of the project on their sovereignty and security, as well as the promise of connection and prosperity (a "win-win" situation). A look at China's growing security and economic commitment in Central Asia and the tight Sino-Russian friendship, as well as the areas of collaboration and complementarity between the two countries, is included in the article's concluding paragraphs.

ROLE OF FEMALE PARLIAMENTARIANS IN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN PAKISTAN

This article attempts to elucidate the female parliamentarian’s role in social and political change in Pakistan by looking at it through the lens of the country’s historical progress. With an emphasis on historical evolution and current situation, the article also discusses social constraints that have made it difficult for women to engage in the political system in the past. Women’s political engagement should be enhanced in the future, and an assessment of these concerns may produce some helpful ideas. In this study article, researchers have examined employing a qualitative research approach which is also called market research method that focuses on acquiring data through open-ended and conversational dialogue. These qualitative research approaches allow for in-depth and additional probing and questioning of respondents based on their responses, where the researchers also seek to understand their purpose and sentiments. The study also finds that Women’s political empowerment across the country is limited by social and cultural standards, as well as by their economic dependency on the male counterparts of their household. Women’s engagement is also limited by low literacy rates and the segregation of men and women in social positions. There will be no meaningful impact on women’s engagement in the public life particularly political life, until there is a progressive adjustment in societal standards, which should begin at the grassroots level and work its way up. For starters, women must be granted greater social and economic autonomy.

AN ANALYSIS THE MEAT PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN: A CASE STUDY OF BALOCHISTAN SELECTED DISTRICTS

In order to explore the production and consumption pattern of red meat three districts namely, Killa Saifullah, Pishin and Jaffarabad of Balochistan were selected randomly.300 hundred respondents were selected. Well-structured questionnaire was used. Cronbach's Alpha program was 0.84. to 0. 81.Chi-Square test was applied and the p-value was considered significant at p<0.01. Results revealed more than (53%) of the respondents fell into the age group of 36 to 45. While most (44%) of the respondents were acquainted with religious schooling. More than half (55%) of the respondents belonged from married categories. Chi-Square technique about the production and consumption pattern of red meat based on (p ≤0.01) was used. Highly statistically variations were observed regarding the production and consumption pattern as district-wise. Based on the results following recommendation has been developed. Government should be encouraging the new emerging technologies in the livestock sector and livestock farmers should adopt different methods and approaches for animal breeding so as to increase the livestock production. Government should promote the integrated livestock approaches and system within terms of real practices shape and mode

CONCEPT OF DOWRY IN HINDU MARRIAGE SYSTEM: A STUDY

To demand Stridhana, formerly a woman's property, is now a boy's right. Her father freely gave it to her. It is part of a prenuptial agreement between two families, and even after the wedding, there is an expectation of more. Insufficient dowry has sparked protests due to the brutality of the dowry process and the deaths of females. Women's stridhan was a fundamental right. While the aristocracy had a lot of money, the impoverished women had to labour as maids or in handicrafts, agriculture and basket-making to support their families. The Manusmriti, a granth created by many between 200 BC and AD 200 and committed to writing in the twelfth century AD, had a significant impact on the position of Hindu women. According to the author, 'Brahma divided his body into two pieces, one for man and one for woman.' In other words, she was born equal. Where women are revered, there are gods, and where they are degraded, there is no hope. Manu, like the Jatakas, sees women as tempting, who blame males, and who should be avoided in isolation, much like in the Jatakas. No one expects males to gaze at women when they decorate themselves, dress, or rest. The daughters kid was not allowed to participate in rituals including mantras from infancy through puberty. Here, there is no mention of the guru's ashram's Brahmacharya time or the upnayana being done on girls.