scholarly journals Enhancement of nerve structure segmentation by a correntropy-based pre-image approach

TecnoLógicas ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (39) ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
Julián Gil-González ◽  
Andrés A. Álvarez-Meza ◽  
Julián D. Echeverry-Correa ◽  
Álvaro A. Orozco-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mauricio A. Álvarez-López
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Function ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Improvement Strategy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nerve Structure ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
High Level ◽  
Suitable Approximation

Peripheral Nerve Blocking (PNB) is a commonly used technique for performing regional anesthesia and managing pain. PNB comprises the administration of anesthetics in the proximity of a nerve. In this sense, the success of PNB procedures depends on an accurate location of the target nerve. Recently, ultrasound images (UI) have been widely used to locate nerve structures for PNB, since they enable a non-invasive visualization of the target nerve and the anatomical structures around it. However, UI are affected by speckle noise, which makes it difficult to accurately locate a given nerve. Thus, it is necessary to perform a filtering step to attenuate the speckle noise without eliminating relevant anatomical details that are required for high-level tasks, such as segmentation of nerve structures. In this paper, we propose an UI improvement strategy with the use of a pre-image-based filter. In particular, we map the input images by a nonlinear function (kernel). Specifically, we employ a correntropy-based mapping as kernel functional to code higher-order statistics of the input data under both nonlinear and non-Gaussian conditions. We validate our approach against an UI dataset focused on nerve segmentation for PNB. Likewise, our Correntropy-based Pre-Image Filtering (CPIF) is applied as a pre-processing stage to segment nerve structures in a UI. The segmentation performance is measured in terms of the Dice coefficient. According to the results, we observe that CPIF finds a suitable approximation for UI by highlighting discriminative nerve patterns.

scholarly journals Ultrasound PIV Uncertainty Quantification

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozhin Derakhshandeh ◽  
Sayantan Bhattacharya ◽  
Brett Meyers ◽  
Pavlos Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Particle Image ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Complex Flows ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Uncertainty Sources ◽  
Image Shape ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Particle Images

Ultrasound Particle image velocimetry (UPIV) is a non-invasive flow measurement technique where acousticopaque flow tracers are injected into a working fluid and ensonified to create ultrasound images. These images are processed using PIV cross-correlation based algorithms to measure the velocity field (Kim et al., 2004). UPIV is useful for opaque flows, primarily where complex flows exist, accordingly, it is used in many industrial and clinical research applications such as studying intracardiac flow (Crase et al., 2007). Furthermore, the measurement provides suitable temporal and spatial resolutions for improved diagnostic metrics. Mentioned applications and the sensitive diagnostic industrial and clinical decisions made based on these measurements intensifies the importance of characterizing the UPIV measurement accuracy and associated uncertainty. However, quantifying UPIV measurement uncertainty is non-trivial due to the complexity of possible uncertainty sources, their combination, and propagation through the measurement chain. The formation of a particle image by ultrasound significantly differs from optical imaging, introducing unique aspects to image quality that must be considered. Particle images are formed across several ultrasound scan lines, yielding an elliptical particle image shape. Furthermore, the particle’s reflected pressure wave is converted to a digital signal that undergoes signal modulation, and this process forms a non-Gaussian point spread function (PSF) along the scan line direction. Additionally, clusters of tracers produce a single, bright image intensity and speckle image pattern. Compared to conventional PIV images, UPIV incurs significantly higher image noise due to lack of filtration for the ultrasound reflection of the non-tracer obstacles.

scholarly journals A Review on Various Ultrasound Image Despeckling Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Panwar ◽  
Ramesh K. Sunkaria ◽  
Anterpreet Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Ultrasound Image ◽  
Speckle Noise ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Important Phenomenon ◽  
Image Despeckling

Ultrasound imaging is considered as one of the most widely used imaging modalities owing to its simple and non-invasive nature. However, ultrasound images are usually manifested with speckle noise, that acts as a hindrance in carrying out any further analysis or disease detection by the radiologists. Despeckling of these images is thus a very important phenomenon to carry out further studies by medical experts. It is of utmost importance that ultrasound images be despeckled, keeping in consideration that no information is lost from the images. This paper covers various despeckling techniques that have been designed for ultrasound images, making sure that no information is lost.

Experimental Validation of Minimax Entropy Principle in Ultrasound Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 487-493
Author(s):  
Neha Mehta ◽  
Svav Prasad ◽  
Leena Arya
Keyword(s):  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Human Gallbladder ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Entropy Principle ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
Measure Of Uncertainty

Ultrasound imaging is one of the non-invasive imaging, that diagnoses the disease inside a human body and there are numerous ultrasonic devices being used frequently. Entropy as a well known statistical measure of uncertainty has a considerable impact on the medical images. A procedure for minimizing the entropy with respect to the region of interest is demonstrated. This new approach has shown the experiments using Extracted Region Of Interest Based Sharpened image, called as (EROIS) image based on Minimax entropy principle and various filters. In this turn, the approach also validates the versatility of the entropy concept. Experiments have been performed practically on the real-time ultrasound images collected from ultrasound centers and have shown a significant performance. The present approach has been validated with showing results over ultrasound images of the Human Gallbladder.

P–582 High level of concordance between invasive and non-invasive preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (niPGT-A) at day5 and day6–7

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Biricik ◽  
V Bianchi ◽  
F Lecciso ◽  
M Surdo ◽  
M Manno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Embryo Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Embryo Biopsy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Culture Time ◽  
Ngs Data Analysis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Ngs Data

Abstract Study question To explore ploidy concordance between invasive and non-invasive PGTA (niPGT-A) at different embryo culture time. Summary answer High level (>84%) of concordance rate for ploidy and sex, sensitivity (>88%), and specificity (76%) were obtained for both day6/7 samples and day5 samples. What is known already The analysis of embryo cell free DNA (cfDNA) that are released into culture media during in vitro embryo development has the potential to evaluate embryo ploidy status. However, obtaining sufficient quality and quantity of cfDNA is essential to achieve interpretable results for niPGT-A. More culture time is expected to be directly proportional to the release of more cfDNA. But embryo culture time is limited due to in-vitro embryo survival potential. Therefore, it is important to estimate the duration of the culture that will provide the maximum cfDNA that can be obtained without adversely affecting the development of the embryo. Study design, size, duration A total of 105 spent culture media (SCM) from day5-day7 blastocyst stage embryos have been included in this cohort study. The cfDNA of SCM samples were amplified and analyzed for niPGT-A by NGS analysis. The SCM samples were divided into 2 subgroups according the embryo culture hours (Day5 and Day6/7 group). The DNA concentration, informativity and euploidy results have then been compared with their corresponding embryos after trophectoderm biopsy (TE) and PGT-A analysis by NGS Participants/materials, setting, methods Embryos cultured until Day3 washed and cultured again in 20µl fresh culture media until embryo biopsy on Day5, 6, or 7. After biopsy SCM samples were immediately collected in PCR tubes and conserved at –20 °C until whole genome amplification by MALBAC® (Yicon Genomics). The TE and SCM samples were analyzed by next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Illumina MiSeq® System. NGS data analysis has been done by Bluefuse Multi Software 4.5 (Illumina) for SCM and TE samples Main results and the role of chance Only the SCM samples which have an embryo with a conclusive result were included in this cohort (n = 105). Overall 97.1% (102/105) of SCM samples gave a successful DNA amplification with a concentration ranging 32.4–128.5ng/µl. Non-informative (NI) results including a chaotic profile (>5 chromosome aneuploidies) were observed in 17 samples, so 83.3%(85/102) of SCM samples were informative for NGS data analysis. Ploidy concordance rate with the corresponding TE biopsies (euploid vs euploid, aneuploid vs aneuploid) was 84.7% (72/85). Sensitivity and specificity were 92,8% and 76,7%, respectively with no significant difference for all parameters for day 6/7 samples compared with day 5 samples. The false-negative rate was 3.5% (3/85), and false-positive rate was 11.7% (10/85). Limitations, reasons for caution The sample size is relatively small. Larger prospective studies are needed. As this is a single-center study, the impact of the variations in embryo culture conditions can be underestimated. Maternal DNA contamination risk cannot be revealed in SCM, therefore the use of molecular markers would increase the reliability. Wider implications of the findings: Non-invasive analysis of embryo cfDNA analyzed in spent culture media demonstrates high concordance with TE biopsy results in both early and late culture time. A non-invasive approach for aneuploidy screening offers important advantages such as avoiding invasive embryo biopsy and decreased cost, potentially increasing accessibility for a wider patient population. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Deep Learning Based BCI Control of a Robotic Service Assistant Using Intelligent Goal Formulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kuhner ◽  
L.D.J. Fiederer ◽  
J. Aldinger ◽  
F. Burget ◽  
M. Völker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
User Study ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Service Robots ◽  
Referring Expressions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neuronal Signal ◽  
High Level ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Robotic Tasks

AbstractAs autonomous service robots become more affordable and thus available for the general public, there is a growing need for user-friendly interfaces to control these systems. Control interfaces typically get more complicated with increasing complexity of the robotic tasks and the environment. Traditional control modalities as touch, speech or gesture commands are not necessarily suited for all users. While non-expert users can make the effort to familiarize themselves with a robotic system, paralyzed users may not be capable of controlling such systems even though they need robotic assistance most. In this paper, we present a novel framework, that allows these users to interact with a robotic service assistant in a closed-loop fashion, using only thoughts. The system is composed of several interacting components: non-invasive neuronal signal recording and co-adaptive deep learning which form the brain-computer interface (BCI), high-level task planning based on referring expressions, navigation and manipulation planning as well as environmental perception. We extensively evaluate the BCI in various tasks, determine the performance of the goal formulation user interface and investigate its intuitiveness in a user study. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability and robustness of the system in real world scenarios, considering fetch-and-carry tasks and tasks involving human-robot interaction. As our results show, the system is capable of adapting to frequent changes in the environment and reliably accomplishes given tasks within a reasonable amount of time. Combined with high-level planning using referring expressions and autonomous robotic systems, interesting new perspectives open up for non-invasive BCI-based human-robot interactions.

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