scholarly journals ASSESSING CARBON SEQUESTRADED IN BRAZILIAN NORTHEASTERN BIOMES UNDER ENSO EVENTS

Gaia Scientia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson de Sousa Nascimento ◽  
José Ivaldo Barbosa de Brito ◽  
Valéria Peixoto Borges
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Caatinga Biome

The goal of the present study it was to know the behavior of the Net Primary Production (NPP) in years that have occurred El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and during the temperature anomalies of the surface of the Sea (SST) in the Tropical Atlantic, that is Atlantic Dipole. The results showed that the Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Forest, and the Cerrado were not enough affected by the occurrence of El Niño Southern Oscillation and Atlantic Dipole. However, the Caatinga biome has shown to be quite sensitive to these events and patterns, especially in years of occurrence of El Niño, which contributed to a reduction in NPP; while in years of El Niña and negative dipole, the NPP achieved the highest values. The amount of rainfall in the previous year to the El Niño Southern Oscillation episodes showed influence on the amount of carbon sequestered by biomes in the year of study.

Long term population changes of fur seals Arctocephalus gazella and Arctocephalus tropicalis on subantarctic (Crozet) and subtropical (St. Paul and Amsterdam) islands and their possible relationship to El Niño Southern Oscillation

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guinet ◽  
P. Jouventin ◽  
J-Y. Georges
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Arctocephalus Tropicalis

The population trend over the last decade for subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) on Amsterdam and St. Paul islands and on Possession Island (Crozet Archipelago) and Antarctic fur seals (A. gazella) on Possession Island are analysed. At Amsterdam Island, based on pup counts, the subantarctic fur seal population appears to have stabilized after a period of rapid growth. At Possession Island subantarctic fur seal and Antarctic fur seal, with respective annual growth rates of 19.2 and 17.4%, are reaching the maximum growth rate for the genus Arctocephalus. Annual pup censuses at Possession Island since 1978 indicate important variations from year to year with pup production for A. gazella significantly lower the year after an El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event, but with no such relationship for A. tropicalis. Several other long term demographic studies of seabirds and marine mammals at different breeding locations in the Southern Ocean indicate that the breeding success of several of these predators appears to be widely affected in years which appear to be related to the ENSO events. To clarify this, it is necessary to analyse in more detail the demographic data obtained for the different subantarctic and Antarctic locations where long term monitoring programmes are conducted.

scholarly journals Extratropical Influences on the El Niño–Southern Oscillation through the Late Quaternary

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. G. Bush
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Linear Stability Theory ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Events

Abstract A sequence of numerical simulations with a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model configured for particular times during the late Quaternary shows that simulated El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events decrease in frequency from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to today, in accord with linear stability theory, but increase in amplitude. Diagnostic analyses indicate that altered momentum fluxes from midlatitude eddy activity caused by changes in orbital forcing (in the Holocene) and topographic forcing (at the LGM) regulate the strength of climatological easterlies and therefore affect both the tropical mean state and the characteristics of interannual variability. The fact that climatic teleconnections associated with paleo-ENSO are fundamentally different during these times suggests a way in which to reconcile some of the existing discrepancies amongst interpretations of proxy records and numerical paleoclimate simulations.

scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation and water resources in Headwaters Region of the Yellow River: links and potential for forecasting

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 8521-8543 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lü ◽  
S. Jia ◽  
H. Yan ◽  
S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Monthly Streamflow

Abstract. Many studies have examined that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) could result in the variation of rainfall and runoff of different rivers across the world. In this paper, we will look specifically at the Headwaters Region of the Yellow River (HRYR) to explore the rainfall-ENSO and runoff-ENSO relationships and discuss the potential for water resources forecasting using these relationships. Cross-correlation analyses were performed to determine the significant correlation between rainfall, runoff and ENSO indicators (e.g. SOI, Niño 1.2, Niño 3, Niño 4, and Niño 3.4) and the lag period for each relationship. Main result include: (1) there are significant correlation at 95% confidence level during three periods, i.e. January and March, from September to November; (2) there were significant correlations between monthly streamflow and monthly ENSO indictors during three periods, i.e. JFM, June, and OND, with lag periods between one and twelve months. As ENSO events can be accurately predicted one to two years in advances using physical model of coupled ocean-atmosphere system, the lead time for forecasting runoff using ENSO indicator in the HRYR can be extent to one to thirty-six months. Therefore, ENSO may have potential as a powerful forecast tool for water resource in headwater regions of Yellow River.

Evidence for stronger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Events in a Mid-Holocene massive coral

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Corrège ◽  
Thierry Delcroix ◽  
Jacques Récy ◽  
Warren Beck ◽  
Guy Cabioch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Massive Coral ◽  
Enso Events

scholarly journals Peruvian Fur Seals as Archivists of El Niño Southern Oscillation Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickie R. Edwards ◽  
Susana Cárdenas-Alayza ◽  
Michael J. Adkesson ◽  
Mya Daniels-Abdulahad ◽  
Amy C. Hirons
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
La Niña ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Fur Seal

Peru’s coastal waters are characterized by significant environmental fluctuation due to periodic El Niño- La Niña- Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. This variability results in ecosystem-wide food web changes which are reflected in the tissues of the Peruvian fur seal (Arctocephalus australis). Stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) in Peruvian fur seal vibrissae (whiskers) are used to infer temporal primary production and dietary variations in individuals. Sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) recordings from the Niño 1+2 Index region captured corresponding ENSO conditions. Fluctuations in δ15N values were correlated to SSTA records, indicating that ENSO conditions likely impact the diet of these apex predators over time. Anomalous warm phase temperatures corresponded to decreased δ15N values, whereas cold phase anomalous conditions corresponded to increased δ15N values, potentially from upwelled, nutrient-rich water. Vibrissae δ13C values revealed general stability from 2004 to 2012, a moderate decline during 2013 (La Niña conditions) followed by a period of increased values concurrent with the 2014–2016 El Niño event. Both δ13C and δ15N values were inversely correlated to each other during the strongest El Niño Southern Oscillation event on record (2014–2016), possibly indicating a decline in production leading to an increase in food web complexity. Lower δ13C and δ15N values were exhibited in female compared to male fur seal vibrissae. Findings suggest ENSO conditions influence resource availability, possibly eliciting changes in pinniped foraging behavior as well as food web of the endangered Peruvian fur seal.

scholarly journals The Impacts of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on Agriculture and Coping Strategies in Rural Communities of Ethiopia: Systematic Review Article

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Ginjo Gitima ◽  
Mengiste Mersha
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
Weather Events

The principal cause of drought in Ethiopia is asserted to be the fluctuation of the global atmospheric circulation, which is triggered by Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (SSTA), occurring due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. It can make extreme weather events more likely in certain regions in Ethiopia. ENSO episodes and events, and related weather events have an impact on seasonal rainfall distribution and rainfall variability over Ethiopia. Thus, the main aim of this review was to identify and organize the major impacts of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on agriculture and adaptation strategies of rural communities in Ethiopia. Most of the rural communities in the country depend on rain-fed agriculture, and millions of Ethiopians have lost their source of food, water, and livelihoods due to drought triggered by ENSO. The coping strategies against ENSO induced climate change are creating a collective risk analysis, and Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) at the national level. In addition, community-based coping strategies for ENSO are integrated with watershed management, livelihood diversification and land rehabilitation to better cope with erratic rainfall and drought risks in the country.

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