scholarly journals Consequences of cultural practices on advertising: Rethinking the role of individual’s values versus social norms for cross-cultural research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Salman Saleem
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

The study has contributed to the current debate on the significance of cultural referenced practices over self-reported values in the identification of culture (e.g., Fischer & Schwartz, 2011; Kirkman, Lowe, & Gibson, 2017). The study has examined whether there is a difference in the self-reported values versus cultural-referenced practices concerning masculinity and power distance. Also, which facet of masculinity and power distance, i.e., self-referenced and/or cultural referenced ratings predict the manifestation of such values in the advertising. The study has used a survey method and ask 200 respondents to report masculinity and power distance in their individual behavioural preference, in their social context and the manifestation of masculinity and power distance in advertising. The results show that self-reported and cultural-referenced rating of masculinity and power distance differ significantly. Moreover, the regression analysis shows that the culture-referenced masculinity and power distance predicts the reflection of respective values in advertising, but no such effect of self-reported values are found. Obtained results strengthen the argument that self-reported values did not identify the culture, instead, the normative values did identify the culture. Future international business and cross-cultural corporate governance research should consider the cultural practices of masculinity and power in their cross-cultural investigation.

scholarly journals Trust within organisations: A cross-cultural research on the role of character perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic McLoughlin ◽  
Maryna Salun ◽  
Emrah Özsoy ◽  
Carroll R. ◽  
Kateryna Zaslavska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Network models can help focus research on the role of culture and context in psychopathology, but don't discount latent variable models

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Jayawickreme ◽  
Andrew Rasmussen ◽  
Alison Karasz ◽  
Jay Verkuilen ◽  
Eranda Jayawickreme
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Latent Variable Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Development Network ◽  
Further Development

AbstractBorsboom et al. correctly note that the use of latent variable models in cross-cultural research has resulted in a futile search for universal, biological causes of psychopathology; however, this is not an inevitable outcome of such models. While network analytic approaches require further development, network models have the potential to better elucidate the role of cultural and contextual variables related to psychopathology.

scholarly journals The expanded view of individualism and collectivism: One, two, or four dimensions?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Kamal Fatehi ◽  
Jennifer L Priestley ◽  
Gita Taasoobshirazi
Keyword(s):  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Cultural Attribute

Recent research to analyze and discuss cultural differences has employed a combination of five major dimensions of individualism–collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity–masculinity (gender role differentiation), and long-term orientation. Among these dimensions, individualism–collectivism has received the most attention. Chronologically, this cultural attribute has been regarded as one, then two, and more recently, four dimensions of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. However, research on this issue has not been conclusive and some have argued against this expansion. The current study attempts to explain and clarify this discussion by using a shortened version of the scale developed by Singelis et al. ((1995) Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: a theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research 29(3): 240–275). Our analysis of aggregate data from 802 respondents from nine countries supports the expanded view. Data aggregation was based on the Mindscape Theory that proposes inter- and intracultural heterogeneity. This finding is reassuring to scholars who have been using the shortened version of the instrument because confirmatory factor analysis indicated its validity. The findings of the present study provides clarification of some apparent ambiguity in recent research in specifying some cultures such as India, Israel, and Spain as individualists or collectivists. By separating the four constructs, more nuanced classification is possible. Also, such a distinction enables us to entertain such concepts as the Mindscape Theory that proposes a unique intracultural and transcultural heterogeneity that do not stereotype the whole culture as either individualist or collectivist.

scholarly journals Letter from the Editor

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-693
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Business Studies ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

This capstone issue of volume 13 of Management and Organization Review is a poignant moment for me, and at the same time inspiring, as we remember, celebrate, and honor our colleague, friend, and intellectual giant Kwok Leung. He was my friend, mentor, and teacher, who introduced me to the literature and controversies crisscrossing the landscape of cross-cultural research as I learned the ropes of leading the Journal of International Business Studies. He was eloquent and persistent in persuading me to accept the challenge of following Anne Tsui as Editor-in-Chief of Management and Organization Review, which at age eighty opened up for me exciting new intellectual horizons for which I am profoundly grateful. Kwok has been a prolific scholar with over two hundred peer-reviewed publications that collectively have received over 20,000 citations. I know that we will always miss Kwok, but his legacy will continue to shine and remind us of him.

scholarly journals Measuring Cultural Dimensions: External Validity and Internal Consistency of Hofstede's VSM 2013 Scales

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Gerlach ◽  
Kimmo Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Human Conduct ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Lasting Influence

Cross-cultural comparisons often investigate values that are assumed to have long-lasting influence on human conduct and thought. To capture and compare cultural values across cultures, Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory has offered an influential framework. Hofstede also provided a survey instrument, the Values Survey Module (VSM), for measuring cultural values as outlined in his Cultural Dimensions Theory. The VSM has since been subject to a series of revisions. Yet, data on countries have been derived from the original VSM — and not on one of the revised versions of VSM. We tested three scales (indulgence, power distance, and individualism) from the latest version, the VSM 2013, as part of a larger survey across 57 countries. Two main findings emerged. For one thing, country scores based on the VSM 2013 scales correlated only weakly with country scores of the same cultural dimensions obtained in a large previous study. Thus, the validity of the VSM 2013 is in doubt. For another thing, the internal consistency of the VSM 2013 scales was overall poor, indicating that the scales did not reliably measure well-defined constructs. We discuss implications for cross-cultural research.

scholarly journals Religion: The WEIRDest concept in the world?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D Lightner ◽  
Zachary Garfield ◽  
Edward H Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Western Psychology ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The World

Henrich (2020) discusses the role of Christianity in shaping Western psychology and affluence. We expand on his perspective by critically discussing Henrich's account of religions. Drawing on cross-cultural research, we clarify when religions are consistent with Henrich's account of religions, and when they reflect pragmatic specialists who assist clients with rare and uncertain problems. We conclude by considering why Western ethnographers might tend to interpret some practical specialist-client relationships as religions, arguing that theories of "religions" might ironically reflect the WEIRD mindset Henrich describes in his book.

Research on women in international business and management: then, now, and next

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bullough ◽  
Fiona Moore ◽  
Tugba Kalafatoglu
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Research ◽  
Business And Management

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the paradox that represents a shortage of women in management and senior leadership positions around the world, while research has consistently shown that having women in positions of influence leads to noteworthy organizational benefits, as guest editors for this special issue, the authors provide an overview of four key streams of cross-cultural research on gender – women in international management, anthropology and gender, women’s leadership, and women’s entrepreneurship – which have been fairly well-developed but remain underexplored. Design/methodology/approach Each author led the review of the scholarly literature stream that aligned most with personal research areas of expertise, while particularly focusing each literature review on the status of each body of work in relation to the topic of women and gender in international business and management. Findings The authors encourage future work on the role of women and gender (including gay, lesbian, and transgender) in cross-cultural management, and the influence of cross-cultural matters on gender. In addition to new research on obstacles and biases faced by women in management, the authors hope to see more scholarship on the benefits that women bring to their organizations. Practical implications New research could aim to provide specific evidence-based recommendations for: how organizations and individuals can work to develop more gender diversity in management and senior positions around the world, and encourage more women to start and grow bigger businesses. Social implications Scholars can lead progress on important gender issues and contribute to quality information that guides politicians, organizational leaders, new entrants to the workforce. Originality/value This is the first paper to cover these topics and review the body of work on cross-cultural research on women in international business and management. The authors hope it serves as a useful launch pad for scholars conducting new research in this domain.

Experiences Conducting Cross-Cultural Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 85-102
Author(s):  
M. Gordon Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Personal Construct ◽  
Chief Information Officers ◽  
Personal Construct Theory ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Construct Theory ◽  
Systems Analysts

When conducting cross-cultural investigations, it is incumbent upon the information systems researcher to be prepared to reflect upon the differences between the frameworks of the researcher and the research participants. Three cross-cultural projects are discussed in this article. The first project, investigating systems analysts, employs the Repertory Grid from personal construct theory (Kelly, 1955, 1963). The second and third projects both employ narrative inquiry (Bruner, 1990). The second project investigates the use of information systems by small business and relies upon multiple regional researchers. The third project, which is currently on-going, investigates the emerging role of chief information officers and is a single researcher venture. These projects have contributed to the information systems field of study and are presented here to provide researchers with ideas for further qualitative cross-cultural investigations.

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