Effects of human activity on the habitat utilization of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) in Zoige wetland

Human activity is increasingly and persistently disturbing nature and wild animals. Affected wildlife adopts multiple strategies to deal with different human influences. To explore the effect of human activity on habitat utilization of Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), habitat utilization patterns of three neighboring marmot populations in habitats affected differently by human activities were recorded and compared. We found that: (1) Distance between reproductive burrows (a represent of reproductive pairs) becomes shorter under the influence of human activities, and more burrows were dug as temporary shelters, resulting in a shorter distance between those shelters as well as shorter distance flee to those shelters, and consequently, shorter flight initiation distance when threatened. More burrows that are closer in the disturbed habitats improve the ability to escape from threats. (2) Reproductive burrow site selection of the species is determined by the availability of mounds in the habitat, and breeding pairs selectively build reproductive (also the hibernation) burrows on mounds, potentially to improve surveillance when basking and the drainage of burrows. Human activities generally drive breeding pairs away from the road to dig their reproductive burrows likely to reduce disturbance from vehicles. However, even heavy human activity exerts no pressure on the distance of reproductive burrows from the road or the mound volume of the high disturbance population, potentially because mounds are the best burrowing site to reproduce and hibernate in the habitat. Marmots deal with disturbance by digging more burrows in the habitat to flee more effectively and building reproductive burrows on mounds to gain better vigilance and drainage efficiency.

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Burrowing and Anti-Predator Requirements Determine the Microhabitat Selection of Himalayan Marmot in Zoige Wetland

ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE ◽

10.2108/zs190148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Cheng Guo ◽

Shuai Gao ◽

Shuailing Zhou ◽

Long Zhang ◽

Zuofu Xiang

Keyword(s):

Microhabitat Selection ◽

Zoige Wetland ◽

Selection Of ◽

Himalayan Marmot

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Performance-based validation of the human activity profile

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e548052012-620 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Luci Fuscaldi Teixeira-Salmela ◽

Sandra J. Olney ◽

Revathy Devaraj

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Activity Profile

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Individual Human Activity Systems: Proposed Model for Life Planning and Change

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e633902010-001 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Elaine R. Parent

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Activity Systems ◽

Life Planning ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Individual Human

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Ice-free area expansion compounds the non-native species threat to Antarctic terrestrial biodiversity

10.32942/osf.io/fbzm5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Grant Duffy ◽

Jasmine R Lee

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Native Species ◽

Climate Scenario ◽

Climatic Environment ◽

Species Establishment ◽

Suitable Habitats ◽

Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽

A Site ◽

Area Expansion ◽

Free Area

Warming across ice-covered regions will result in changes to both the physical and climatic environment, revealing new ice-free habitat and new climatically suitable habitats for non-native species establishment. Recent studies have independently quantified each of these aspects in Antarctica, where ice-free areas form crucial habitat for the majority of terrestrial biodiversity. Here we synthesise projections of Antarctic ice-free area expansion, recent spatial predictions of non-native species risk, and the frequency of human activities to quantify how these facets of anthropogenic change may interact now and in the future. Under a high-emissions future climate scenario, over a quarter of ice-free area and over 80 % of the ~14 thousand km2 of newly uncovered ice-free area could be vulnerable to invasion by one or more of the modelled non-native species by the end of the century. Ice-free areas identified as vulnerable to non-native species establishment were significantly closer to human activity than unsuitable areas were. Furthermore, almost half of the new vulnerable ice-free area is within 20 km of a site of current human activity. The Antarctic Peninsula, where human activity is heavily concentrated, will be at particular risk. The implications of this for conservation values of Antarctica and the management efforts required to mitigate against it are in need of urgent consideration.

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Science Regained [1962]

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474412094.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre Aubenque

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Human Thought ◽

Motion Time ◽

First Philosophy

Pierre Aubenque’s “Science Regained” (1962; translated by Clayton Shoppa) was originally published as the concluding chapter of Le Problème de l’Être chez Aristote, one of the most important and original books on Aristotle’s Metaphysics. In this essay, Aubenque contends that the impasses which beset the project of first philosophy paradoxically become its greatest accomplishments. Although science stabilizes motion and thereby introduces necessity into human cognition, human thought always occurs amidst an inescapable movement of change and contingency. Aristotle’s ontology, as a discourse that strives to achieve being in its unity, succeeds by means of the failure of the structure of its own approach: the search of philosophy – dialectic – becomes the philosophy of the search. Aubenque traces this same structure of scission, mediation, and recovery across Aristotelian discussions of theology, motion, time, imitation, and human activity.

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