scholarly journals Virulence of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis: a minireview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Kaneps ◽  
◽  
Biruta Bankina ◽  
Inga Moročko-Bičevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Ptr Toxa ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Copy Gene ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis is a major wheat pathogen in all wheat (Triticum spp.) growing areas worldwide. Up to date, eight P. tritici-repentis races have been described based on chlorosis, necrosis, or both symptoms caused on race differential wheat genotypes: ‘Glenlea’, 6B662, 6B365, and ‘Salamouni’. Symptom development on differential genotypes depends on the interaction of the pathogen’s necrotrophic effectors named Ptr ToxA, Ptr ToxB, and Ptr ToxC with host susceptibility genes. Ptr ToxA is encoded by the single copy gene ToxA and induces necrosis on sensitive wheat cultivars. Ptr ToxB causes chlorosis and is encoded by the multicopy gene ToxB. The Ptr ToxC is the non-proteinaceous, polar, low molecular mass molecule that also induces chlorosis, but up to date, the gene encoding this toxin is unknown. Races producing Ptr ToxA are predominant in the global Ptr population. There are several reports about new putative races of P. tritici-repentis that do not conform with the current race system, so further research is required. This study aims to collect and systematise available information about the virulence and races of P. tritici-repentis.

Identification of a single-copy gene encoding a Type I chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of photosystem I in Arabidopsis thaliana

1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul E. Jensen ◽  
Michael Kristensen ◽  
Tine Hoff ◽  
Jan Lehmbeck ◽  
Bjarne M. Stummann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene

Identification of a single-copy gene encoding a Type I chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of photosystem I in Arabidopsis thaliana

1992 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poul E. Jensen ◽  
Michael Kristensen ◽  
Tine Hoff ◽  
Jan Lehmbeck ◽  
Bjarne M. Stummann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene

Host-selective toxins, Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, as necrotrophic effectors in the Pyrenophora tritici-repentis-wheat interaction

2010 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Ciuffetti ◽  
Viola A. Manning ◽  
Iovanna Pandelova ◽  
Melania Figueroa Betts ◽  
J. Patrick Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Ptr Toxa ◽  
Necrotrophic Effectors

scholarly journals Evolutionary origin of the U6 small nuclear RNA intron.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 5548-5552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Reich ◽  
J A Wise
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Small Nuclear Rna ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Small Nuclear Rnas ◽  
Copy Gene ◽  
Nuclear Rna ◽  
Report Analysis ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Basidiomycete Fungi ◽  
U6 Gene

U6 is the most conserved of the five small nuclear RNAs known to participate in pre-mRNA splicing. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the single-copy gene encoding this RNA is itself interrupted by an intron (T. Tani and Y. Ohshima, Nature (London) 337:87-90, 1989). Here we report analysis of the U6 genes from all four Schizosaccharomyces species, revealing that each is interrupted at an identical position by a homologous intron; in other groups, including ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi, as well as more distantly related organisms, the U6 gene is colinear with the RNA. The most parsimonious interpretation of our data is that the ancestral U6 gene did not contain an intron, but rather, it was acquired via a single relatively recent insertional event.

scholarly journals A Single-Copy Gene Encodes Kex1, a Serine Endoprotease of Pneumocystis jiroveci

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geetha Kutty ◽  
Joseph A. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Copy Gene ◽  
Biological Differences

ABSTRACT We have cloned and characterized the kex1 gene of Pneumocystis jiroveci. Unlike the case for Pneumocystis carinii, in which the homologous PRT-1 genes are multicopy, kex1 is a single-copy gene encoding a protein homologous to fungal serine endoproteases, which localize to the Golgi apparatus. Thus, substantial biological differences can be seen among Pneumocystis species.

Dictyostelium discoideum contains a single-copy gene encoding a unique subtype of histone H1

Gene ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loren J. Hauser ◽  
Madhu S. Dhar ◽  
Donald E. Olins
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene

scholarly journals Characterization of a single copy gene encoding ferredoxin I from pea.

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 681-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Elliott ◽  
T J Pedersen ◽  
B Fristensky ◽  
M J White ◽  
L F Dickey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Single Copy Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene ◽  
Ferredoxin I

scholarly journals An Allelic Series of Blue Fluorescent trp1 Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan B Rose ◽  
Jiayang Li ◽  
Robert L Last
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Copy Gene ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Plant Arabidopsis Thaliana

Nine blue fluorescent mutants of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by genetic selections and fluorescence screens. Each was shown to contain a recessive allele of trp1, a previously described locus that encodes the tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (PAT, called trpD in bacteria). The trp1 mutants consist of two groups, tryptophan auxotrophs and prototrophs, that differ significantly in growth rate, morphology, and fertility. The trp1 alleles cause plants to accumulate varying amounts of blue fluorescent anthranilate compounds, and only the two least severely affected of the prototrophs have any detectable PAT enzyme activity. All four of the trp1 mutations that were sequenced are G to A or C to T transitions that cause an amino acid change, but in only three of these is the affected residue phylogenetically conserved. There is an unusually high degree of sequence divergence in the single-copy gene encoding PAT from the wild-type Columbia and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis.

scholarly journals Forensic Pathology of Canadian Bread Wheat: The Case of Tan Spot

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakhdar Lamari ◽  
Brent D. McCallum ◽  
Ron M. dePauw
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Tan Spot ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
Ptr Toxa ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Wheat Lines

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis causes necrosis and chlorosis in its wheat host. Susceptibility to races 2 (necrosis) and 5 (chlorosis) of the pathogen is known to be mediated by Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, respectively. Sensitivity to each toxin is controlled by a single dominant and independently inherited gene. We used sensitivity to Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB as two genetic markers to investigate the origin and the state of tan spot susceptibility in Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat over a period of more than a century. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxA, the toxin produced by nearly all isolates of the pathogen collected in the past 20 years in western Canada, appears to have been present in the first major cultivar, Red Fife, grown massively in the late 1800s. Sensitivity then was transmitted unknowingly into Canadian wheat lines through extensive use of backcrossing to maintain the Marquis-Thatcher breadmaking quality. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxA, which nearly disappeared from cultivars grown in western Canada in the 1950s, was reintroduced in the 1960s and unintentionally bred into many of the present-day cultivars. Sensitivity to Ptr ToxB, a toxin rarely found in isolates from western Canada, appeared with the release of Thatcher in 1934 and was transferred to many cultivars through backcross programs. In spite of large areas planted to Ptr ToxAand Ptr ToxB-sensitive cultivars over decades, tan spot epidemics remained sporadic until the 1970s. The results of this study raise the problem of the narrowing genetic base of CWRS wheat lines and the potential for unanticipated threats from plant pathogens. The intercrossing of genetically diverse material in one Canadian wheat breeding program resulted in the release of several modern cultivars with resistance to tan spot. The absence of wild-type Ptr ToxB-producing isolates in western Canada remains unexplained, given that sensitivity to Ptr ToxB was present continuously in western Canadian cultivars grown on vast areas for more than 70 years.

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