scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ENROLMENT IN HIGHER AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN POLAND AND OTHER EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES FROM 2013–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kubala
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
European Union Country ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Low Levels

The aim of the article is to identify changes in the level of enrolment in higher agricultural education in Poland compared with other European Union countries in the years 2013–2017. An additional aspect of study was the causal relationship between the number of people undertaking higher agricultural education and the effectiveness of the functioning of agriculture in a given country. The dynamics ratio was used to present the existing tendencies. Additionally, admissions for individual types of studies were examined and the differences in values from individual countries were presented. Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation was used to analyze the causative relationship. Poland belongs to a group with relatively low levels of higher agricultural studies. In addition, the number of persons undertaking education at agricultural universities is closely connected with the efficiency of agriculture in a given European Union country.

scholarly journals The Research of the Causal Relationship Between Unemployment and Emigration in Lithuania

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitana Dudzevičiūtė ◽  
Justinas Čekanauskas
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Granger Causality Test ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
European Union Countries

This paper aims to investigate the causal relationship between unemployment and emigration in Lithuania using Granger – causality test. The research is based on annual data spanning the period of 2004–2012. The investigation encompasses two steps. Firstly, the authors have analyzed the Lithuanian position regarding relationship between unemployment rate and emigration in the context of the European Union countries; secondly, the causality between unemployment and emigration has been determined in the case of Lithuania. On the basis of the European Union countries statistical data, results of the research have revealed a weak correlation between unemployment rate and emigration. On the contrary, evidence has suggested the existence of a strong relationship between unemployment and emigration in Lithuania. Results of the Granger – causality test have showed that unemployment impacts on emigration in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Comparison of National Innovation Systems in the European Union Countries

Risks ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Edyta Dworak ◽  
Maria Magdalena Grzelak ◽  
Elżbieta Roszko-Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
European Union Country ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Local Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
European Union Countries

The effective operation of national innovation systems can be a source of many opportunities, but it cannot be forgotten that innovation in itself may mean limiting but also generating various types of risks for the functioning of the local market. The main aim of the article is to present the concept and classification of national innovation systems in the world and to try to answer whether the type of NIS determines the level of innovation of the economies of the European Union countries. The following research thesis was formulated in the study: the type of National Innovation System determines a certain level of innovation in the economy of an European Union country, i.e., in countries belonging to a developed NIS, the level of innovation of the economy is higher than in countries belonging to developing systems. The results of the analysis confirm the research thesis. In the empirical part, the level of innovation in the European Union countries was assessed using the synthetic measure of development (SMD) by Z. Hellwig. Based on the obtained values of the synthetic measure of development (innovation), a ranking of the innovation of the economies of the EU countries was compiled and groups of countries with a similar degree of innovation in the economy were distinguished. The developed ranking of the European Union countries was compared with the NSI classification presented in the theoretical part of the article. The study covered 2010 and 2019.

scholarly journals Selection of the method of linear ordering using the example of assessing the level of socio-economic development of European Union countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Optimal Ordering ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Diagnostic Variables

The aim of the article is to present the issues of choosing the optimal procedure for the linear ordering of objects and assessing the correctness of the selected methods of the linear ordering. The goal was achieved by creating linear ordering of objects using various methods for normalizing the value of diagnostic features. An aggregate measure based on various properties of the synthetic feature was used to select the optimal ordering, among others, the compatibility of the mapping, the correlation of the synthetic line variable with diagnostic variables, the rank correlation of the synthetic variable with diagnostic variables and the variability of the synthetic variable. The study was conducted based on the example of data concerning 28 European Union countries according to the level of socio-economic development in the context of sustainable development concerning society, economy and the environment. The linear ordering of countries using the quotient transformation with an arithmetic mean turned out to be the most correct ordering

ANALYSIS OF UNEMPLOYMENT USING FOUR-FACTOR MODEL IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ľubica Hurbánková ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Economic Statistics ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
Microsoft Office

The paper deals with the analysis of unemployment in European Union countries on the basis of data of the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed. The data are obtained from the Eurostat website. The aim of the paper is to find out how the number of unemployed in individual EU countries changed in 2018 compared to 2009, in which country the number of unemployed increased the most, in which the least. Appropriate tools of economic statistics are used for the analysis. Based on a four-factor model of the analysis of the number of unemployed, we find out how this indicator has changed depending on the change in the unemployment rate, the economic activity rate, the share of the working age population in the total population, and the total population. The application of statistical method is implemented through the programme Microsoft Office Excel.

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