scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

scholarly journals Macromycetes of beech forests within the eastern part of the Fagus area in Europe

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lisiewska
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Rotten Wood

This work presents the author's view on the habitat if individual forest communities based on the fungi she has collected and gives a comparison of the mycoflora of beech forest in Poland and in south and central Europe. The beech forest were studied by the phytosociological method. Fruit bodies occurring on the soil, in the litter and on rotten wood were studied.

scholarly journals Succession of Xeric Calcareous Grassland Toward Thermophilous Oak Forest: The Case of Abava Valley, West Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-281
Author(s):  
Māris Laiviņš ◽  
Agnese Priede ◽  
Dārta Kaupe ◽  
Andis Lazdiņš
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Natural Transformation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Abstract The succession of semi-natural xeric calcareous grassland plant communities toward deciduous forest communities is poorly studied in Latvia. There is insufficient knowledge on the natural transformation of dry calcareous grasslands of Festuco-Brometea into thermophilous quasi-climax oak forest communities of Quercetea pubescentis that are very rare in Latvia. In this paper, a geobotanical study is presented that included studies of soils, tree age, spatial pattern of trees, vegetation composition of different succession stages, and analysis of environmental factors. The study was conducted in the Abava Valley, West Latvia, an area that is unique with species-rich xeric calcareous Festuco-Brometea grasslands, thermophilous oak forests dominated by Quercus robur, and intermediate secondary succession stages with young to medium-aged Juniperus communis and Pinus sylvestris formations.

scholarly journals Unveiling the conservation status of the sessile oak forest for their protection and management in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e70549
Author(s):  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Lluís Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Characteristic Species

The sessile oak forests found on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula are ascribed to the Lathyro-Quercetumpetraeae association and play a key role in understanding the ecology of this habitat, as this region represents its xeric limit. For this reason, we analysed the biodiversity patterns and current conservation status of the sessile oak forests in the region. To do so, we collected Braun-Blanquet inventories of 34 plots randomly distributed throughout the sessile oak forests. The results showed a relationship between the climatic conditions and the biodiversity variables. While the richness of the community increased with decreasing temperatures, the characteristic species found within the community decreased at these same temperatures. This result was due to the presence of most companion species in the cool zones at high elevations.Sessile oaks are found close to other communities, such as silver birches and Scot pine forests.On the other hand, in the warm areas at low elevations, the sessile oak community was more established, with plants typical of this type of forest. These slightly warmer zones with sessile oaks are very important in terms of conservation and more vulnerable to climate change and the thermophilization of the community, as has been studied. As such, protecting and managing these forests is key to conserving this community. Nevertheless, as current protection measures do not safeguard most of these forests, it is essential to define a conservation strategy to preserve them. Using the conservation status, we have established criteria to improve the conservation strategy for sessile oak forest on the NE Iberian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Sessile oak forest plant community changes on the NE Iberian Peninsula over recent decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 894-906
Author(s):  
Jordi Bou ◽  
Lluís Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Ne Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Coastal Range

AbstractAimsOur aims were 3-fold: (i) to determine whether global change has altered the composition and structure of the plant community found in the sessile oak forests on the NE Iberian Peninsula over the last decades, (ii) to establish whether the decline in forest exploitation activities that has taken place since the mid-20th century has had any effect on the forests and (iii) to ascertain whether there is any evidence of impact from climate warming.MethodsWe assess changes in the plant community by comparing a current survey of sessile oak forest with a historical data set obtained from previous regional studies dating from 1962 to 1977. We analyse the regional changes in the community in terms of biodiversity variables, species composition and plant traits. Furthermore, plants traits such as plant life forms and chorological groups are used to discern any effects from land-use changes and climate warming on the plant community.Important FindingsThere has been a loss of diversity in the community and, in the hottest region, there is also a loss of species richness. The composition of the community suggests that, although significant changes have taken place over recent decades, these changes differ between regions as a result of the low impact global change has had in the western regions. For instance, while the tree canopy cover in the western sessile oak forests remains stable, the eastern sessile oak forests are still recovering from the former exploitation that led to a loss of their rich and abundant herbaceous stratum. In fact, the recovery process in the Catalan Pre-Coastal Range has constituted an increase in the Euro-Siberian plants typical to this community. Moreover, in the eastern forests, there is evidence that climate warming has impacted the thermophilization of the sessile oak forests found on the Coastal Range.

scholarly journals Microclimatic Tipping Points at the Beech–Oak Ecotone in the Western Romanian Carpathians

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Hohnwald ◽  
Adrian Indreica ◽  
Helge Walentowski ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Structure ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Tipping Points ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Elevation Difference ◽  
Romanian Carpathians

European beech (Fagus sylvatica) is a drought-sensitive species that likely will retreat from its xeric distribution edges in the course of climate warming. Physiological measurements indicate that the species may not only be sensitive to soil water deficits, but also to high temperatures and elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficits (vpd). Through microclimatological measurements in the stand interior across near-natural beech forest–oak forest ecotones, we searched for microclimatic tipping points in the contact zone with the aim to define the thermic and hydrometeorological limits of beech more precisely. In three transects in the foothills of the Romanian western Carpathians, we measured in mid-summer 2019 air temperature, relative air humidity, and vpd at 2 m height in the stand interior across the ecotone from pure oak to pure beech forests, and compared the readings to the microclimate in forest gaps. Mean daytime temperature (T) and vpd were by 2 K and 2 hPa, respectively, higher in the oak forests than the beech forests; the extremes differed even more. Especially in the second half of the day, the oak forests heated up and were more xeric than the beech forests. Part of the differences is explained by the elevation difference between oak and beech forests (200–300 m), but species differences in canopy structure, leaf area, and canopy transmissivity enhance the microclimatic contrast. Our T and vpd data point to thresholds at about 30 °C and 25 hPa as maxima tolerated by beech in the lowermost shade canopy for extended periods. In conclusion, the rather sharp stand microclimatic gradient demonstrated here for the xeric distribution limit of beech may well be the decisive factor that hinders the spread of beech into the warmer oak forests.

scholarly journals The restoration of forest ecosystems in the NP 'Fruška Gora' 20 years after the bombing

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Vida Stojšić ◽  
Anka Dinić ◽  
Đorđe Grozdanić
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Sessile Oak

This paper presents the restoration of forest ecosystems in the NP "Fruška gora" 20 years after the bombing, which lasted from April 4 to June 8, 1999. The most frequently bombed sites were: Elektrovojvodina (Iriški venac), Kraljeve stolice, Paragovo, Crveni čot and Dubočaš. The most affected were sessile oak, sessile-hornbeam and beech forests with linden. At the sites Elektrovojvodina, Paragovo and Crveni čot, young oak forests 15-20 years of age have been restored by planting sessile oak and sowing acorns. Beech-linden forests will spontaneously restore, which is indicated by the appearance of young beech seedlings. At the Dubočaš site, in a destroyed forest dug by craters, dense acacia shrubs have been formed. In the sessile forest on the Kraljeve stolice site, the pioneer species Salix caprea and Populus tremula, 15-20 years of age, are in the proces of spontaneous restoration. However, this forest cannot be restored without human intervention.

scholarly journals Edaphic potentials of beech forests on Brezovica

2002 ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Knezevic ◽  
Olivera Kosanin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Development Phases ◽  
Pedogenetic Processes

The study deals with the soils in the montane beech forest (Fagetum moesiacae montanum Jov. 53) in the management units "Ju?ni Ku?aj II" and "Bogovina I", on the mountain massif Brezovica. Soil genesis in the beech forests of Brezovica, along with vegetation and relief, was affected by the character of parent rock. The study soils occur over two types of bedrock: limestone and argilloschist The soil types and sub-types are defined based on the profile morphology, parent rock and pedogenetic processes Two types of soil were analysed on limestone: black earth (calcomelanosol) and brown soil (calcocambisol). Two sub-types of black earth were defined: organomineral and brownised. There are two varieties of organomineral black earth: colluvial and lithic. Also two sub-types of brown soils were defined and: typical and illimerised. The soils on limestone are characterised by great spatial variability. Different combinations of soil formations occur on a small area. Soil combinations consist of two or three development phases, the most represented of which are the following: organomineral black earth - brownised black earth; organomineral black earth - brownised black earth - typical brown soil; typical brown soil - illimerised soil Typical brown soil is formed on argilloschists and it occurs in two forms: medium deep, medium skeletal acid brown soil and deep, poorly skeletal acid brown soil The most productive sites of the montane beech forest on Brezovica are deep acid brown soils and the soil combination: typical brown soil - illimerised soil on limestone.

scholarly journals The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kryżar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Wild Service Tree

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.

scholarly journals Classification of the relict forest communities of Palla’s Black Pine (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) in Bulgaria

Hacquetia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossen Tzonev ◽  
Marius Dimitrov ◽  
Chavdar Gussev ◽  
Vladimir Vulchev ◽  
Ivailo Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
New Approach ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Made In

AbstractNew approach for the classification of the Black Pine forest communities in Bulgaria was made in the paper. The analysis of forest pytocoenoses from Vlahina, East and West Rhodopi and Balkan Range Mountains confirmed their separation into two classes– Quercetea pubescentis(low-altitudinal) andErico-Pinetea(high-altitudinal). The second class is represented from one polymorphic associationSeslerio latifoliae-Pinetum nigraewhereas the other group is represented from two new associations. The associationJunipero deltoidi-Pineteum pallasianaeis more related to the surrounding thermophilous oak forests as well as the associationLathyro laxiflori-Pinetum pallasianaeis more similar to the hornbeam and beech forests.

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