scholarly journals The influence of stand structure in submontane acidophilous oak forests on the presence of the wild service tree and sword-leaved helleborine

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kryżar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Wild Service Tree

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of two strictly protected vascular plant species in managed stands of submontane acidophilous oak forests (Luzulo luzuloidis - Quercetum petraeae Hilitzer 1932 association) in the Sudeten foothills (Lower Silesia, Poland). During the study, the most important stand parameters influencing the occurrence of the wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) and the orchid sword-leaved helleborine Cephalanthera longifolia (L.) Fritsch) were ascertained. The stands ranged from 50 to 130 years of age and were dominated by sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.), which comprised 5-100% of trees. Both of the protected plant species were observed in 10% of the examined plots with the most favorable type of forest stand for sword-leaved helleborine as well as the wild service tree being clearly dominated by sessile oak (portion of oak above 80%). The analysis showed that the wild service tree was found in pure oak stands, whereas sword-leaved helleborine was also recorded in mixed stands aged 50-80 years. The increased frequency of sword-leaved helleborine was associated with a higher portion of oak in the tree layer. The results suggest that the modern silviculture practices, ‘close-to-nature’ silviculture, transform pure oak forest into mixed forest and allow for natural expansion of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) as well as beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), which can induce the gradual disappearance of the orchid and the wild service tree in submontane acidophilous oak forests. Restoring semi-natural pure oak stands should play a significant role in supporting both protected species in submontane acidophilous oak forests of the Sudeten Region.

scholarly journals The Effect of Herb Layer on Nocturnal Macrolepidoptera (Lepidoptera: Macroheterocera) Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Bálint Horváth ◽  
Viktória Tóth ◽  
Gyula Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Forest Diversity ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Vegetation beneath the canopy might be an important factor for macromoth community composition in forest ecosystems, strongly determined by forest management practices. Herein, we compared nocturnal macrolepidoptera communities and herb layers in young and old sessile oak (Quercus petraea) dominated forest stands in the Sopron Mountains (Western Hungary). The investigation of Lepidoptera species was performed 15 times from the end of March to the end of October in 2011. Portable light traps were used, and a total of 257 species and 5503 individuals were identified. The Geometridae family was the most abundant, followed by Noctuidae and Notodontidae. To investigate vascular plant species in the herb layer, circular plots with a 10-m radius around the moth traps were used. In each plot, we estimated the abundance of plant species in 20 sub-plots with a 1-m radius from May to July of 2011. The abundance of macromoth species was higher in the old forest stand, which might be influenced by the trees’ higher foliar biomass. However, the mean abundance of herbs was lower in the old forest. Diversity of both the herb layer and the moth community were significantly higher in the young forest. However we found higher species richness of moths in the old forest. For additional analyses, moths feeding on plants in the herb layer were selected, but neither the difference in species number, neither mean abundance between the young and old forest were significant. Our results suggest that the herb layer is not a key factor for macrolepidoptera communities in Hungarian sessile oak forest stands.

scholarly journals Phytocenological and edaphic characteristics of sessile oak forests on Miroc Mt in northeastern Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Olivera Kosanin ◽  
Milun Krstic ◽  
Marko Perovic ◽  
Marijana Novakovic-Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Beech Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
Forest Communities ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Natural Stands

This research was carried out in natural stands of sessile oak (Quercus petraea agg. Ehrendorfer 1967) on Miroc mountain. Three comunities were investigated: Pure sessile oak forest (Quercetum montanum Cer. et Jov. 1953. s.l.), sessile oak-common hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum moesiacum Rud. 1949. s.l.) and sessile oak-balkan beech forest (Querco-Fagetum Glis. 1971). Pure sessile oak forests are found on the following soils: dystric ranker and acid cambic soil on sandstone, dystric ranker and acid cambisols on phyllite, and acid cambic soil on schists. Sessile oak-hornbeam forests grow on sandstone, granite and schists. Sessile oak-beech forests are found on acid cambisol on phyllite and sandstone conglomerate. Various ecological conditions (exposition, slope, altitude, soil types and bedrock) on Mt Miroc caused the occurence of diverse sessile oak forest communities, while different states of these forest stands resulted from the implementation of management measures.

scholarly journals Ecological requirements of wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis [L.] CRANTZ.) and service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) in relation with their utilization in forestry and landscape

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Paganová
Keyword(s):  
Oak Forests ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Sorbus Torminalis ◽  
Neutral Soil ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Wild Service Tree ◽  
Ecological Differences

Environmental conditions in sites with service tree and wild service tree are assessed and some ecological differences between them are also identified. Both species are regarded as prospective woody plants with a possibility of wider utilization in forestry and landscape arrangements. They are tolerant to direct sunlight and short-time water deficit in the soils, therefore they are suitable for the afforestation of arid and warm sites (even clear unstocked areas). They prefer soils with favourable physical characteristics and adsorbing complex with acid to neutral soil reaction. Both the mentioned taxa have valuable timber, so the potential of their utilization in forestry is also in conditions of oak and beech-oak forests. They should be used as valuable admixture in oak forests or substitute the sensitive beech in drier sites of oak-beech forests.

Intra- and Inter-Tree Variability of Moisture Content in Standing Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.)

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Constant ◽  
G. Nepveu ◽  
F. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Tree Effect ◽  
The Individual

Summary Knowledge about the moisture content of trees in the forest or wood yard is scarce. The variation of moisture content within and between 20 boles of sessile oak was investigated using 1543 measurements performed at three heights in each tree and along 4 radii. Five radial positions were defined: sapwood, outer, intermediate and inner heartwood, and the core piece including the pith. Results show that the average moisture content is highly dependent on the individual. The average moisture content was around 80%(oven-dried basis), but it ranges from 65% to 100%depending on the tree. This “tree” effect is discussed and examined using some general characteristics of the trees (region, stand structure, site quality, dendrometric and densitometric traits). Apart from age counted from pith, and the ratio of tree height vs. diameter, no strong correlation appears. Moderate variations in moisture content with radial position and height are also brought to the fore. The specific role of sapwood, which exhibits a more variable moisture content is discussed.

scholarly journals Do stand structure and admixture of tree species affect Scots pine aboveground biomass production and stability on its natural site?

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 486-495
Author(s):  
Ondřej Špulák ◽  
Jiří Souček ◽  
Jakub Černý
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Similar Density

The paper analyses stand structure and production on two experimental forest stand series of mature pure and mixed Scots pine stands, growing on natural Scots pine sites in the Czech Republic. Sessile oak was the main admixed species. In mixed stands, Scots pine constituted the dominant level of the stand, admixed species grew mostly as subdominants. Admixture increased stand densities and aboveground biomass production compared to pure stands. Sessile oak with the 20–30% number share within the Scots pine stand led to an increase of the Scots pine tree dimensions and mean stem merchantable wood (DBH ≥ 7 cm) volume compared to the pure Scots pine stand of similar density. The Scots pine and sessile oak slenderness ratios increased in mixed stands compared to monocultures, however, the stand mechanical stability was not threatened.

scholarly journals Production potential and quality of sessile oak (Quercus petraea LIEBL.) in different types of mixtures

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Lumír Dobrovolný ◽  
J. Macháček
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Sessile Oak ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Volume Yield

Three variants of growing sessile oak (maturing high forest) on typical fertile sites of lower elevations in the Czech Republic were compared from the production and quality point of view. The variants were as follows: mixed forest unmanaged more than 30 years, mixed forest and pure stand subjected to standard management measures based on positive selection. Surprisingly, no essential differences were found either in the production potential or in the quality of sessile oak at comparing the managed mixed forest and the monoculture. A higher number of crop oak trees in the monoculture was compensated in the mixed forest by the representation of other tree species. The unmanaged mixed forest exhibited worse quality of oak crowns, which closely correlates with the volume yield. Therefore, it is recommended to apply tending measures on the principle of thinning from above with the comprehensive management of crowns in selected targeted trees even at their higher age.

Differentiation of new coenomorph in context of the Belgard’s ecomorph system development

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
System Development ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Ecological Scales ◽  
The One ◽  
Different Levels

Nowadays, bioecological characteristics of species are the basis for flora and vegetation studying on the different levels. Bioecological characteristics of species is required in process of flora studying on the different levels such as biotopes or phytocenoses, floras of particular areas (floras of ecologically homogeneous habitats), and floras of certain territories. Ramensky scale is the one of first detailed ecological scales on plant species ordination in relation to various environmental factors; it developed in 1938 (Ramensky, 1971). A little later (1941), Pogrebnyak’s scale of forest stands was proposed. Ellenberg’s system developed in 1950 (Ellenberg, 1979) and Tsyganov’s system (Tsyganov, 1975) are best known as the systems of ecological scales on vascular plant species; these systems represent of habitat detection by ecotopic ecomorphs of plant species (phytoindication). Basically, the system proposed by Alexander Lyutsianovich Belgard was the one of first system of plant species that identiified ectomorphs in relation to environmental factors. As early as 1950, Belgard developed the tabulated system of ecomorphs using the Latin ecomorphs abbreviation; he also used the terminology proposed in the late 19th century by Dekandol (1956) and Warming (1903), as well as terminology of other authors. The article analyzes the features of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs on vascular plants. It has certain significance and advantages over other systems of ecomorphs. The use of abbreviated Latin names of ecomorphs in tabular form enables the use shortened form of ones. In the working scheme of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs relation of species to environmental factors are represented in the abbreviated Latin alphabetic version (Belgard, 1950). Combined into table, the ecomorphic analysis of plant species within association (ecological certification of species), biotope or area site (water area) gives an explicit pattern on ecological structure of flora within surveyed community, biotope or landscape, and on environmental conditions. Development and application by Belgrard the cenomorphs as «species’ adaptation to phytocenosis as a whole» were completely new in the development of systems of ecomorphs and, in this connection, different coenomorphs were distinguished. Like any concept, the system of ecomorphs by Belgard has the possibility and necessity to be developed and added. Long-time researches and analysis of literature sources allow to propose a new coenomorph in the context of Belgard’s system of ecomorphs development: silvomargoant (species of forest margin, from the Latin words margo – edge, boundary (Dvoretsky, 1976), margo – margin, ad margins silvarum – along the deciduous forest margins). As an example of ecomorphic characterization of species according to the system of ecomorphs by Belgard (when the abbreviated Latin ecomorph names are used in tabular form and the proposed cenomorph is used), it was given the part of the table on vascular plants ecomorphs in the National Nature Park «Orelsky» (Baranovsky et al). The Belgard’s system of ecomorphs is particularly convenient and can be successfully applied to data processing in the ecological analysis of the flora on wide areas with significant species richness, and the proposed ecomorph will be another necessary element in the Belgard’s system of ecomorphs. 

scholarly journals Forest defoliator pests alter carbon and nitrogen cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 160361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne l-M-Arnold ◽  
Maren Grüning ◽  
Judy Simon ◽  
Annett-Barbara Reinhardt ◽  
Norbert Lamersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Climate change may foster pest epidemics in forests, and thereby the fluxes of elements that are indicators of ecosystem functioning. We examined compounds of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in insect faeces, leaf litter, throughfall and analysed the soils of deciduous oak forests ( Quercus petraea  L.) that were heavily infested by the leaf herbivores winter moth ( Operophtera brumata  L.) and mottled umber ( Erannis defoliaria  L.). In infested forests, total net canopy-to-soil fluxes of C and N deriving from insect faeces, leaf litter and throughfall were 30- and 18-fold higher compared with uninfested oak forests, with 4333 kg C ha −1 and 319 kg N ha −1 , respectively, during a pest outbreak over 3 years. In infested forests, C and N levels in soil solutions were enhanced and C/N ratios in humus layers were reduced indicating an extended canopy-to-soil element pathway compared with the non-infested forests. In a microcosm incubation experiment, soil treatments with insect faeces showed 16-fold higher fluxes of carbon dioxide and 10-fold higher fluxes of dissolved organic carbon compared with soil treatments without added insect faeces (control). Thus, the deposition of high rates of nitrogen and rapidly decomposable carbon compounds in the course of forest pest epidemics appears to stimulate soil microbial activity (i.e. heterotrophic respiration), and therefore, may represent an important mechanism by which climate change can initiate a carbon cycle feedback.

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