scholarly journals Seed sources in SE „Srbijasume“ as a basis for conservation and directed utilization gene pool

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Maksimovic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Predrag Aleksic ◽  
Ljiljana Sovilj
Keyword(s):  
Mass Production ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources ◽  
Reproductive Material

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the existing seed sources managed by SE ?Srbijasume?. A proposal has been given for new seed sources to be designated in forest areas. This paper highlights the significance of seed sources as a form of in situ conservation, as well as the necessity of establishing seed orchards as a form of ex situ conservation of forest genetic resources, which improves the mass production of reproductive material of forest trees characterized by good genetic quality.

scholarly journals Genetic consequences of in situ and ex situ conservation of forest trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Francis C. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity

To counteract loss of genetic diversity crucial for current and future tree improvement, tree breeders have conserved forest genetic resources in situ in their natural ecosystems in protected areas or ex situ in plantations, seed orchards, and breeding arboreta. This article reviews the genetic consequences of these two conservation methods in terms of single-locus and multilocus population structure from electrophoretic studies of natural forests and breeding populations. Although natural forest populations have maintained high level of genetic diversity and exhibited low level of population differentiation, loss of genetic diversity would occur during the entire conservation process, from population establishment to management of breeding and production populations. Since forest trees are still at their earliest stage of domestication in Canada, loss of genetic diversity comes primarily from the initial sampling process during population establishment. We discuss the optimal sampling strategy during population establishment to conserve common and widespread alleles, common and localized alleles, rare and widespread alleles, and rare and localized alleles. We also discuss three methods for studying the multilocus structure of forest trees and show how such information would be useful for conserving co-adapted gene complexes. We conclude that being small and maintained in controlled environments, ex situ conserved populations would retain less genetic diversity than in situ conserved forest populations. While ex situ conservation is operationally convenient for the short-term gains in tree improvement, we believe in situ conservation is essential for renewing the genetic diversity to meet the changing environments of an uncertain future.

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

Effects of a Proposed Ex Situ Conservation Program on In Situ Conservation of the Babirusa, an Endangered Suid

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Clayton ◽  
E. J. Milner‐Gulland ◽  
D. W. Sinaga ◽  
A. H. Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Program

Ex situ conservation of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) and butternut (Juglans cinerea L.), a review

2000 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken McIlwrick ◽  
S. Wetzel ◽  
T. Beardmore ◽  
K. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Juglans Cinerea ◽  
Research Areas

Two tree species native to North America, American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) and butternut (Juglans cinerea L.), which have experienced rapid declines in their populations due to similar stressors (disease and changes in land use), are used as examples of how these species would benefit from ex situ conservation efforts. Current and past ex situ and in situ conservation efforts for these species are discussed and the focus of this review is on two key research areas: 1) what needs to be preserved (genetic information) and 2) how to preserve these trees or germplasm. Key words: butternut, American chestnut, Cryphonectria parasitica, Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum, ex situ conservation

scholarly journals In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in Ecuador: A Review of Policies, Actions and Challenges

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mestanza-Ramón ◽  
Sujan M. Henkanaththegedara ◽  
Paola Vásconez Duchicela ◽  
Yadira Vargas Tierras ◽  
Maritza Sánchez Capa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Small Scale

Biodiversity is vital for the stability of the planet; its ecosystem services provide essential elements for our survival and well-being. This review analyzes the national biodiversity policies and describes the main strategies for biodiversity conservation in Ecuador, one of the “mega-diverse” countries in the world with the highest species density. It deepens an analysis of in-situ and ex-situ conservation processes. Ecuador has six clear policies for biodiversity conservation. These policies strengthen biodiversity conservation through mechanisms that improve the well-being of wildlife by ensuring human, wildlife and ecosystem health. It promotes actions for the welfare of wildlife, through technical, administrative and legal tools. The National System of Protected Areas, with 60 protected areas, is the most effective in-situ conservation instrument at the country level. Several ex-situ conservation and management means for the conservation of wild species are being utilized, including nurseries, botanical gardens, zoos, germplasm banks, aquariums, species reproduction and rehabilitation centers. Ecuador is making slow progress on ex-situ conservation despite the availability of a sound policy framework, possibly due to financial, infrastructural, and/or technological challenges, and knowledge gaps. We propose fostering international research collaborations and establishing fully funded small-scale captive breeding programs at zoos, aquariums and university research facilities to help recovery of at-risk species of reptiles, amphibians, fish and species beyond Galapagos region. We recommend utilizing citizen science programs to fill the gaps of biodiversity information and increasing efforts to revive the ex-situ conservation strategies in protecting the unique biodiversity of Ecuador.

scholarly journals Bring the captive closer to the wild: redefining the role of ex situ conservation

Oryx ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana J. Pritchard ◽  
John E. Fa ◽  
Sara Oldfield ◽  
Stuart R. Harrop
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
Extinction Rates ◽  
Hybrid Approaches ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Effective Integration

AbstractIn situ conservation is central to contemporary global biodiversity protection and is the predominant emphasis of international regulation and funding strategies. Ex situ approaches, in contrast, have been relegated to a subsidiary role and their direct contributions to conservation have been limited. We draw on a variety of sources to make the case for an enhanced role for ex situ conservation. We note the advances occurring within institutions specializing in ex situ conservation and stress that, although much remains to be done, many constraints are being addressed. We argue that the evidence of increasing extinction rates, exacerbated by climate change, challenges the wisdom of a heavy dependence on in situ strategies and necessitates increased development of ex situ approaches. A number of different techniques that enable species and their habitats to survive should now be explored. These could build on the experience of management systems that have already demonstrated the effective integration of in situ and ex situ techniques and hybrid approaches. For organizations specializing in ex situ conservation to become more effective, however, they will require tangible support from the institutions of global biodiversity governance. Resistance is anticipated because in situ conservation is entrenched through powerful groups and organizations that exert influence on global conservation policy and facilitate the flow of funding. The chasm that has traditionally divided in situ and ex situ approaches may diminish as approaches are combined. Moreover, the relentless loss of the ‘wild’ may soon render the in situ / ex situ distinction misleading, or even obsolete.

scholarly journals NATIVE SEEDS/SEARCH: BRIDGING IN SITU AND EX SITU CONSERVATION OF NATIVE SOUTHWESTERN CROPS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1179d-1179
Author(s):  
Gary Paul Nabhan ◽  
Mahina Drees ◽  
Kevin Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Educational Materials

The binational Southwest remains rich in native crop land races and crop wild relatives, despite numerous pressures favoring genetic erosion. Native Seeds/SEARCH is promoting in situ conservation in traditional Indian fields and nearby wild habitats, but also maintains a gene bank as a back-up, to allow future reintroductions. Seeds are distributed to Native American communities for free, and their value is reinforced through a variety of educational materials and presentations. Our regional focus allows us to serve as an effective bridge between in situ and ex situ conservationists, between Indian and international organizations, and between tribes. Methods, ethics and accomplishments to date will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Conservation of forest genetic resources: Key stakeholders' attitudes in forestry and nature protection

Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
Marina Nonic ◽  
Vedrana Lalovic ◽  
Jelena Milovanovic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Forest Genetic ◽  
Forest Genetic Resources

Despite the large number of scientific papers dealing with conservation of forest genetic resources, research about the attitudes and evaluation of representatives of key stakeholders in the forestry and nature protection sectors, towards this issue, have not been sufficiently represented so far in Serbia. The aim of this paper was to study the attitudes of representatives of key public institutions (administrative and professional), enterprises, educational and research organizations in the forestry and nature protection sectors, towards the factors that threaten biodiversity, conservation methods, state of seed sources in Serbia and proposals of measures to improve forest genetic resources. The methodology used in the paper is an approach to the research on conservation of forest genetic resources which is used in the social sciences. The survey included a total number of 32 respondents in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. According to the key stakeholders? opinion, urbanization and infrastructure construction (average score 4.1) have the greatest negative impact on biodiversity; conservation of forest genetic resources in natural populations through designation of seed stands is rated as the most important in situ method (average score 4.60), while establishment of seed orchards and provenance trials are rated as the most important ex situ conservation methods (average score 4.19). From the analysis of respondents' attitudes, it can be concluded that the conservation of forest genetic resources through designation of seed stands (72%) and conservation in protected areas (63%) are methods that gave the best results in Serbia. However, the majority of respondents (about 60%) stated that seed sources in Serbia do not have an appropriate structure and spatial coverage. In addition to the professional activities and support from the institutions, the majority of respondents believe that it is necessary to intensify activities to promote conservation of forest genetic resources.

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