scholarly journals Spatial variability of 137Cs in the soil of Belgrade region (Serbia)

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Jankovic-Mandic ◽  
Ranko Dragovic ◽  
Milan Djordjevic ◽  
Maja Djolic ◽  
Antonije Onjia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Impact

Among radionuclides in the soil deposited after Chernobyl accident, 137Cs poses considerable environmental and radiological problems because of its relatively long half-life (30.17 y), its abundance in the fallout, high mobility and similarity to potassium as the major plant nutrient. In this study the samples of undisturbed surface soil (n=250) were taken from 70 regions in Belgrade, during 2006-2010. The specific activities of 137Cs were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry. Based on obtained results external effective dose rates were calculated according to the internationally accepted activity to dose rate conversion equations. The specific activities of 137Cs were geographically mapped. The presence of 137Cs has been detected in all soil samples, with high variability of its specific activity, ranging from 3 Bq kg-1 to 87 Bq kg-1. The mean specific activity of 137Cs was 23 Bq kg-1 and the corresponding absorbed dose was 1.5 nSv h-1. The observed range reflects the inhomogeneity of the deposition process following the Chernobyl accident. It could also be attributed to topographic differences and spatial differences in physicochemical and biological soil properties, soil type and vegetation cover. The results of the present study could be valuable database for future estimations of the impact of radioactive pollution.

scholarly journals Radioactivity of soil in Croatia II: 137Cs, 40K, and absorbed dose rate

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Marko Šoštarić ◽  
Branko Petrinec ◽  
Mak Avdić ◽  
Ljerka Petroci ◽  
Milica Kovačić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
External Exposure ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Uncultivated Soil

Abstract We took samples of uncultivated soil from the surface layer (0–10 cm) at 138 sites from all over Croatia and measured their radionuclide activity concentrations with high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. This second part of our report brings the results on 40K and 137Cs to complement those on the 232Th and 238U decay chains addressed in the first part. Together they give the most complete picture of radioactivity of Croatian soil so far. Activity concentrations of 40K were the highest in the Pannonian region, and there was an opposite trend for 137Cs. We found that the concentrations of 137Cs tended to increase with altitude, annual precipitation, and vegetation density. The concentration ratio of 137Cs and K in soil, which indicates the potential for 137Cs entering food chains via uptake by plants, was the lowest in agriculturally important areas in the east of the Pannonian region. In addition, we used the obtained results on activity concentrations to calculate the related absorbed dose rate as a measure of external exposure to ionising radiation from soil. The sum of the absorbed dose rates for naturally occurring radionuclides and 137Cs showed that external exposure was generally the highest in the Dinaric region and Istrian Peninsula.

scholarly journals Radiometric evaluation of natural radioactivity and radiation hazard indices in soils from quarries sites in southwestern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Omowumi Ademila ◽  
Raphael Ugo
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Average Value

Quarry activities increase the radiation dose received by humans by distributing the radionuclides associated with the natural resources to the soil surfaces. This study assessed the level of natural radiations in soils around two quarry sites to a maximum depth of 2.0 m and up to 500 m away from the sites. Activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K in twenty soil samples collected from the quarries in Ondo State were measured by means of high resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. Average value of 232Th, 238U and 40K measured were 0.0027±0.0003 Bq/kg and 0.0036±0.00036 Bq/kg, 0.028±0.0012 Bq/kg and 0.026±0.0012 Bq/kg and 47.45±0.0313 Bq/kg and 69.42±0.0313 Bq/kg respectively. The estimated absorbed dose rates in all the soils investigated ranged from 0.38 nGy/hr to 15.67 nGy/hr and the annual mean effective dose equivalent varied from 2.13 to 10.28 µSv/yr. The results revealed that the activity concentrations and radiological hazard indices when compared with their corresponding world permissible values are less than the recommended safe levels. This indicates that quarry activities in the areas have not enhanced the background radiation level of the areas. Regular exposure of the quarry workers and the people around the study areas pose no health hazards in the near future. 

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and assessment of the associated radiation hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Ema Hankić ◽  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Feriz Adrović
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Specific Activities

AbstractThe results of the specific activities of232Th,226Ra and40K measured in samples of commonly used building materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. Measurements were performed by gamma-ray spectrometer with coaxial HPGe detector. The surface radon exhalation and mass exhalation rates for selected building materials were also measured. The determined values of specific activities were in range from 3.16±0.81 Bq kg−1to 64.79±6.16 Bq kg−1for232Th, from 2.46±0.95 Bq kg−1to 53.89 ±3.67 Bq kg−1for226Ra and from 28.44±7.28 Bq kg−1to 557.30±93.38 Bq kg−1for40K. The radium equivalent activity, the activity concentration index, the external and internal hazard indices as well as the absorbed dose rate in indoor air and the corresponding annual effective dose, due to gamma-ray emission from the radioactive nuclides in the building material, were evaluated in order to assess the radiation hazards for people. The measured specific activities of the natural radioactive nuclides in all investigated building materials were compared with the published results for building materials from other European countries. It can be noted that the results from this study are similar to the data for building materials from neighbouring countries and for building materials used in the EU Member States. The radiological hazard parameters of the building materials were all within the recommended limits for safety use.

scholarly journals Analysis of the 40K levels in soil using gamma spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Araújo dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Jorge João Ricardo Ferreira Cardoso ◽  
Cleomacio Miguel da Silva ◽  
Suêldo Vita Silveira ◽  
Romilton dos Santos Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
High Purity Germanium ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Potassium 40

Potassium-40 was determined in soil in an area with 40,000 m² situated in the western State of Pernambuco, Brazil. For radiometric measurements, the gamma spectrometry method with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used. Sampling of 78 soil samples has been performed at intervals of 25 m. The specific activities of 40K were calculated based on the photopeak of 1.46 MeV. Values from 541 to 3,572 Bq kg-1 were obtained (mean of 1,827 Bq kg-1). These values allowed the determination of the elemental concentrations as well as the absorbed dose rates in air, 1 m above the ground. The values varied from 1.7 to 11.5% (mean of 6%) and from 23.4 to 154.3 nGy h-1 (mean of 79 nGy h-1), respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of radiological risk in the area around surface disposal at Al -Tuwaitha site

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Asia H. Al-Mashhadani
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Gamma Dose ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Gamma Dose Rates ◽  
Specific Activities

The gamma dose rates and specific activity of 137Cs, 60Co and 40K insamples of soil taken from places near the landfill radiation at Al-Tuwaitha site were measured using a portable NaI(Tl) detector. Theresults of gamma dose rates in samples were ranged from 52.6nGy.h-1 to 131nGy.h-1. Then the specific activity of 137Cs, 60Co and40K in soil were determined using high pure germanium (HPGe)detector. The specific activities were varied from 1.9 to 115500 Bq.kg-1 for 137Cs, from 6.37 to 616.5 Bq. kg-1 for 60Co, and from 3 to839.5 Bq. kg-1 for 40K. The corresponding health risk for the annualeffective dose equivalent varied from 1.85×10-14 to 15.7mSv/y. Theresults were compared with various international recommendations.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Abstract Radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in a total of 92 samples, including eight commonly used types of building materials that were obtained from local manufacturers and suppliers in Beijing. Concentrations were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in all samples varied from 10.1 to 661, 3.3 to 555 and 3.2 to 2945 Bq per kg with an average of 127.8, 114.8, and 701.5 Bq per kg, respectively. The potential radiological hazards were estimated by calculating the absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard (Hex), and internal hazard (Hin) indices. The investigated building materials were classified into different types according to the radioactivity levels. Results from this research will provide a reference for the acquisition, sales, and use of building materials. Attention should be paid to the use of coal cinder brick, ceramic, and granite in the construction of dwellings.

Dosimetric evaluation of methyl red radiochromic film for radiation processing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Awad AL Zahrany ◽  
Khalid Rabaeh ◽  
Molham Eyadeh ◽  
Ahmed Basfar
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiochromic Film ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Methyl Red ◽  
Radiation Processing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a radiochromic film dosimeter containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix and various concentrations of methyl red (MR) dye for high dose measurements. Design/methodology/approach The MR-PVA films were exposed to irradiation up to 60 kGy using 60Co source of gamma ray. The ultraviolet and visible regions (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry were used to examine the optical density of pre-and post-irradiated dosimeters at 424 nm. Findings The dose sensitivity of MR-PVA films increases significantly with increasing MR dye concentrations in the dose range of 5 to 60 kGy. The impact of relative humidity, irradiation temperature, dose rate and the stability of the films has been analyzed. The overall uncertainty of the MR-PVA film dosimeter is 6.12% (Double Standard-deviation, 95% confidence level). Practical implications It was found that the MR-PVA films may be used as high dose dosimeter with an acceptable overall uncertainty in routine industrial radiation processing. Originality/value The color bleaching of irradiated MR-PVA films in terms of specific absorbance curves increases significantly with increasing absorbed dose up to 60 kGy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document