scholarly journals Histological observations on the dendretic organ of the farmed adult African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) from eastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Ekele Ikpegbu ◽  
Uchenna Nlebedum ◽  
Okechukwu Nnadozie ◽  
Okezie Agbakwuru
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Subepithelial Layer

The histology of the accessory respiratory organ of the African catfish - dendretic organ was investigated to reveal its microanatomy. The data obtained will provide baseline data for further investigative research and assist fish pathologists. The histology showed that the tubular shaped dendretic organ was covered by stratified squamous epithelium containing periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) positive mucous cells. On most surfaces, the epithelial cells were organized into columns with mucous cells placed in-between the epithelial cell columns. At the tip of the surface, capillaries were lined by endothelium at the surface epithelium/air contact area. The subepithelial layer was of loose connective tissue containing adipose tissue and occasional blood vessels. The core of the dendretic organ contained elastic cartilage surrounded by a dense layer of perichondrium. Elastic fibres were observed the territorial and inter-territorial spaces.

Stimulation of secretion into human and feline airways by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2259-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Somerville ◽  
P. S. Richardson ◽  
A. Rutman ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
P. J. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Alkaline Protease ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Bronchus ◽  
Secretion Inhibition

We have investigated the effect of elastase and alkaline protease from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on airway secretion into the trachea of anesthetized cats and from human bronchial mucosa in vitro. Secretory macromolecules were radiolabeled biosynthetically with two precursors in the cat, [3H]glucose and [35S]sulfate, and with [35S]-sulfate only in human tissue. Both enzymes (2.6 x 10(-9) to 1.3 x 10(-6)M elastase and 8 x 10(-9) to 2.4 x 10(-6)M alkaline protease) released radiolabeled macromolecules in a concentration-dependent manner from the two preparations. Purified elastase, 1.3 x 10(-6)M, released radiolabeled macromolecules (delta 3H = +397 +/- 72%, delta 35S 225 +/- 40% over control, P less than 0.001) and periodic acid-Schiff- (PAS) reactive glycoconjugates (delta PAS = +4.1 +/- 0.96 micrograms/min or +102 +/- 20%; P less than 0.01) from cat trachea, as did alkaline protease, 2.4 x 10(-6)M (delta 3H = +356 +/- 57%, delta 35S = +176 +/- 25%, delta PAS = +7.5 +/- 1.3 micrograms/min or 194 +/- 36%, P less than 0.001). Increases in 3H exceeded those of 35S, suggesting surface epithelium as the main source of secretion. Inhibition of enzyme activity abolished secretory effects. Both enzymes also stimulated secretion from human bronchus (e.g., with elastase, 1.3 x 10(-6)M: delta 35S = +331 +/- 67%, delta PAS = +4.3 +/- 0.92 micrograms/min or +131 +/- 24%, P less than 0.001; with alkaline protease, 2.4 x 10(-6)M: delta 35S = +220 +/- 67%, delta PAS = +12.7 +/- 3.2 micrograms/min or +575 +/- 245%, P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Expression of Cytokeratins 7 and 20 in Helicobacter pylori-associated Chronic Gastritis in Children

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cohen ◽  
E. Cueto Rúa ◽  
N. Balcarce ◽  
R. Drut
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Group A ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori gastric infection induces structural changes in the gastric epithelium. Among them, variations in the expression of cytokeratins have been reported in adult patients. In the present study, we describe the expression of CK7 and CK20 in gastric samples taken from the antrum in three groups of pediatric patients: (A) Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis (mean age: 11.4 years); (B) previous H. pylori chronic gastritis patients (mean age: 9.4 years); and (C) controls (mean age: 8.8 years). In all, the presence of sulfomucins was assessed with Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff pH 1.0. Immunoreactivity was graded as absent (0), weak (1 +), moderate (2+), or intense (3+), in accordance with the intensity of the staining, and its distribution as focal or diffuse. CK7 reactivity was 2 + either focal or diffuse in all group A biopsies. The reactivity was more evident in the cells at the neck of the glands, in the areas with more inflammatory infiltrates, decorating long vertical segments of epithelium. In groups B and C, CK7 reactivity was also focal and 1 + at the cells of the necks of the glands. However, group B presented longer vertical segments of positive cells as compared to group C, and shorter than those of group A. The deeper glandular structures were focally 1 + in both groups. CK20 expression was comparable in all three groups, depicting a 2+ diffuse reactivity at the surface epithelium and interposed pits with absence or focal reactivity at the neck and coiled gland areas. Ki-67 immunostaining paralleled that of the CK7. Staining for sulfated mucosubstances was positive in two of five cases of groups A and B, and in none of the cases of group C. We conclude that: (1) the long segments of CK7-positive glandular necks in H. pylori cases most probably indicate intense regenerative activity during active inflammation; (2) eradication of H. pylori does not warrant ad integrum restitution since long segments of Ki-67+, CK7+ cells at the germinative compartment of the glands (as well as cells with sulfomucins) were still recognizable in ex- H. pylori patients; (3) finally, differing from what happens in adults, children somehow manage to maintain fully differentiated CK20+ superficial epithelium while the H. pylori is in action.

scholarly journals Histochemical reactivity of peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 979-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Stoward ◽  
S S Spicer ◽  
R L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Apical Cell ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Peanut Lectin ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Terminal Galactose

A peanut lectin-horseradish peroxidase (PL-HRP) conjugate has been applied to histochemical staining of paraffin sections of various mouse organs. The PL-HRP conjugate has selectively reacted with secretory bodies, the Golgi zone, and the apical cell surface in various cell types. Some positive sites, including lingual and tracheal serous glands, Brunner's glands, and the brush border of the proximal straight nephron, contained periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive glycoconjugate with no affinity for basic reagents. The stored secretion in these sites was interpreted as containing neutral glycoprotein with terminal galactose residues which could, in part at least, account for the PAS reactivity. Duodenal goblet cells, which exhibited basophilia attributable to sulfate esters, also bound PL-HRP. As the binding was affected by prior sialidase digestion, the secretory glycoprotein in the duodenal goblet cells was judged to contain oligosaccharides with sulfate esters and terminal galactose uncapped by sialic acid. All sites known from their basophilia to form sialomucin failed to stain with the PL-HRP conjugate, but consistently gained reactivity following sialidase digestion and were inferred, therefore, to possess glycoproteins with oligosaccharide side chains containing subterminal galactose and terminal sialic acid. Lingual mucous glands, known to secrete a mucosubstance with basophilic properties indicative of the presence of sulfate esters but not sialic acid, stained with PL-HRP only after sialidase digestion and, accordingly, were reinterpreted as containing both sulfate esters and terminal galactose-sialic acid dimers. Staining of gastric surface epithelium demonstrated a srongly PAS-reactive neutral glycoprotein, and that of goblet cells in the cecum disclosed PAS-positive sulfated glycoprotein. The latter two sites lacked PL-HRP affinity without or with prior sialidase treatment and apparently possessed neither terminal galactose residues nor galactose-sialic acid dimers. PL-HRP affinity was observed exclusively in the Golgi cisternae of some epithelial cells, thus indicating that galactose occurs transiently as a terminal residue in this site. A few histologic sites, such as pancreatic and gastric zymogen cells and renal tubules, were devoid of both PAS reactivity and basophilia indicative of the presence of complex carbohydrate but stained strongly with the PL-HRP conjugate by means which are not understood. Galactose in the PL-HRP solution blocked or reversed the PL-HRP binding in most of the structures with an affinity for the conjugate, supporting the conclusions that the reagent is specific for galactosyl residues.

scholarly journals Comparative Histomorphological and Histochemical Studies on the Oesophagus of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and African Catfish Clarias gariepinus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Sayed Awaad ◽  
Usama Kamal Moawad ◽  
Mohamed Gomaa Tawfiek
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Oesophageal Mucosa ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Mucosal Folds

The present work aimed to describe and compare both gross and microscopic structure of the oesophagus of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). For this purpose, 60 specimens of oesophagus of Nile tilapia (omnivorous fish) and African catfish (carnivorous fish) were collected and processed. Anatomically, the oesophagus of both species appeared as a short tube with longitudinal mucosal folds. Using scanning electron microscope, the epithelial surface of the esophagus showed primary and secondary mucosal folds in both species while tertiary folds were observed in that of tilapia only. Histologically, the oesophagus consisted of four distinct layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The oesophageal mucosa consisted of stratified epithelium with few mucous secreting cells in catfish and many mucous secreting cells in tilapia. Two types of mucous secreting cells reacted positively with both periodic acid shiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB); rounded and elongated cells that were recognized in the esophageal epithelium of tilapia and only elongated oval cells were observed in that of catfish. In conclusion, the obtained histomorphological differences in esophagus of both fish species may be attributed to their different feeding habits and type of food.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of airway responses to esophageal acidification in cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 774-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan M. Lang ◽  
Steven T. Haworth ◽  
Bidyut K. Medda ◽  
Hubert Forster ◽  
Reza Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Transport Rate ◽  
Mucociliary Transport ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Mucous Secretion ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Apocrine Glands ◽  
Airway Constriction ◽  
Airway Responses

Acid in the esophagus causes airway constriction, tracheobronchial mucous secretion, and a decrease in tracheal mucociliary transport rate. This study was designed to investigate the neuropharmacological mechanisms controlling these responses. In chloralose-anesthetized cats ( n = 72), we investigated the effects of vagotomy or atropine (100 μg·kg−1·30 min−1iv) on airway responses to esophageal infusion of 0.1 M PBS or 0.1 N HCl at 1 ml/min. We quantified 1) diameter of the bronchi, 2) tracheobronchial mucociliary transport rate, 3) tracheobronchial mucous secretion, and 4) mucous content of the tracheal epithelium and submucosa. We found that vagotomy or atropine blocked the airway constriction response but only atropine blocked the increase in mucous output and decrease in mucociliary transport rate caused by esophageal acidification. The mucous cells of the mucosa produced more Alcian blue- than periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained mucosubstances, and the mucous cells of the submucosa produced more PAS- than Alcian blue-stained mucosubstances. Selective perfusion of the different segments of esophagus with HCl or PBS resulted in significantly greater production of PAS-stained mucus in the submucosa of the trachea adjacent to the HCl-perfused esophagus than in that adjacent to the PBS-perfused esophagus. In conclusion, airway constriction caused by esophageal acidification is mediated by a vagal cholinergic pathway, and the tracheobronchial transport response is mediated by cholinergic receptors. Acid perfusion of the esophagus selectively increases production of neutral mucosubstances of the apocrine glands by a local mechanism. We hypothesize that the airway responses to esophageal acid exposure are part of the innate, rather than acute emergency, airway defense system.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF ESOPHAGUS STRUCTURES IN SHEEP (Ovis aries) AND RABBITS (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 457-475
Author(s):  
Hawraa Jabbar MOHAMMAD ◽  
Ali Khalaf ALI ◽  
Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha AL ALI
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Evolution between animals causes many changes so that it can adapt to its environments. Each species has unique features that help them survive and can consume different types of food. Sheep and rabbits are economically important animals and used in many aspects of veterinary medicine.This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the esophagus of twenty sheep (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and market Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). Histological study showed differences in the type epithelium of mucosa lining the esophagus between sheep and rabbits. The epithelium lining was composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in sheep while in rabbit was composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous. In both animals, the submucosa layer does not possess glands. The muscular layer of both was composed of striated muscle in the cervical, thoracic, and abdomen parts of the esophagus. Both animals contained an outer layer of loose connective tissue called the adventitia. All layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits. The histochemical study showed that the reaction to Periodic acid Schiff stain was similar between the animals and in different places. Only stratum corneum cells of the sheep mucosa and squamous cells of the rabbit mucosa demonstrated a strong reaction to this stain. In contrast, the rest of the cells of the mucosa and muscular layers were moderate reactions with Periodic acid Schiff stain in all regions sheep and rabbit esophagus. Submucosa and adventitia showed weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff's stain in both animals. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the esophagus; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to Periodic acid Schiff stain.

scholarly journals Morphology of beak and tongue of partrigde Rhynchotus rufescens

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Regina Rossi ◽  
Silvana Martinez Baraldi-Artoni ◽  
Daniela Oliveira ◽  
Claudinei da Cruz ◽  
Vanessa Sobue Franzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Skeletal Musculature ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Filiform Papillae ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Twenty adult partridges Rhynchotus rufescens were used to study the morphology of the beak and the tongue. Lengths of the beak and of the tongue were evaluated, and histologic sections of the tongue were stained routinely with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson’s trichrome stain, later analyzed and described. The beak of the partridge of both sexes are curved, flat, hard and with a sharp extremity, with mean length of 4.90cm for the females and 4,80 for the males. The tongue is characterized by a triangular format with mean length of 1cm for both sexes, and its extremity is presented as a sharp format. Organization of the tongue tissue presents a stratified squamous epithelium with filiform papillae in all surface, mucous glands with ducts that project to the epithelium surface and a hyaline cartilage in the whole length of the tongue, which lays on the skeletal musculature that is guided in several directions.

Proximal airway mucous cells of ovalbumin-sensitized and -challenged Brown Norway rats accumulate the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. L286-L295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawnessy D. Larson ◽  
Charles G. Plopper ◽  
Greg Baker ◽  
Brian K. Tarkington ◽  
Kendra C. Decile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Mucous Cell ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Calcitonin Gene

Mucous cell hypersecretion and increased neuropeptide production play a role in the exacerbation of symptoms associated with asthma. The source of these neuropeptides have been confined to the contributions of small afferent nerves or possibly neuroendocrine cells. We tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure to allergen would alter the sources and abundance of neuropeptides in airways. Right middle lobes from rats (8 wk old) exposed to 2.5% ovalbumin (OVA) for five episodes (30 min each) or filtered air were inflation fixed with paraformaldehyde. The lobes were dissected to expose the airway tree, permeabilized with DMSO, and incubated in antibody to rat calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), followed with a fluorochrome-labeled second antibody. CGRP-positive structures were imaged via confocal microscopy. Airways were later embedded in plastic and sectioned for cell identification. In animals challenged with OVA, CGRP-positive cells, not neuroendocrine or neuronal in origin (confirmed by a lack of protein gene product 9.5 signal), were recorded along the axial path. In section, this fluorescent signal was localized to granules within epithelial cells. Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining of these same sections positively identify these cells as mucous cells. Mucous cells of animals not challenged with OVA were not positive for CGRP. We conclude that episodic allergen exposure results in the accumulation of CGRP within mucous cells, creating a new source for the release of this neuropeptide within the airway.

A technique for the isolation of submucosal gland cells from cat trachea

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1035-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Culp ◽  
D. P. Penney ◽  
M. G. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Submucosal Gland ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Glandular Cells

We have developed a procedure to isolate submucosal gland cells from cat trachea. The excised trachea was stripped of surface epithelium by stroking the luminal surface with a nylon brush. The remaining submucosa was scraped free from underlying cartilage and minced into small fragments. To disperse glandular cells from these fragments, we subjected the minced tissue to both enzymatic (collagenase and elastase) and mechanical treatment. In 23 preparations of cells we yielded an average (+/- SE) of 8.4 +/- 0.9 (X 10(6] cells. In eight cell preparations 95 +/- 1% of the cells stained with periodic acid-Schiff stain, suggesting that the cells are of glandular origin. We used the following criteria to assess cell viability. The dye trypan blue was excluded by 92 +/- 1% of the cells (n = 23). Under the electron microscope, cellular membranes and organelles appeared normal. The isolated cells consumed oxygen at an average rate of 1.34 +/- 0.05 microliters O2 X h -1 X (10(6) cell) -1, (n = 65). Oxygen consumption was constant for at least 4 h after cell isolation, was inhibited 21% by 10(-4) M ouabain, and was subsequently stimulated to 135% above basal levels by 4 X 10(-5) M dinitrophenol.

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