scholarly journals COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF ESOPHAGUS STRUCTURES IN SHEEP (Ovis aries) AND RABBITS (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 457-475
Author(s):  
Hawraa Jabbar MOHAMMAD ◽  
Ali Khalaf ALI ◽  
Zainab Abdul Jabbar Ridha AL ALI
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Strong Reaction ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Evolution between animals causes many changes so that it can adapt to its environments. Each species has unique features that help them survive and can consume different types of food. Sheep and rabbits are economically important animals and used in many aspects of veterinary medicine.This study aimed to compare the histomorphometric and histochemical features of the esophagus of twenty sheep (n = 10) and rabbit (n = 10) adult males. The samples were collected from slaughterhouse and market Misan and were used for histological studies of two types of stains, hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Periodic acid Schiff stains). Histological study showed differences in the type epithelium of mucosa lining the esophagus between sheep and rabbits. The epithelium lining was composed of a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium in sheep while in rabbit was composed of a non-keratinized stratified squamous. In both animals, the submucosa layer does not possess glands. The muscular layer of both was composed of striated muscle in the cervical, thoracic, and abdomen parts of the esophagus. Both animals contained an outer layer of loose connective tissue called the adventitia. All layers in sheep showed more thickness than in rabbits. The histochemical study showed that the reaction to Periodic acid Schiff stain was similar between the animals and in different places. Only stratum corneum cells of the sheep mucosa and squamous cells of the rabbit mucosa demonstrated a strong reaction to this stain. In contrast, the rest of the cells of the mucosa and muscular layers were moderate reactions with Periodic acid Schiff stain in all regions sheep and rabbit esophagus. Submucosa and adventitia showed weakly reaction with Periodic acid Schiff's stain in both animals. In conclusion, this study showed that sheep and rabbits have similarities and differences in the esophagus; that is, the layers of this organ has different thicknesses and respond differently to Periodic acid Schiff stain.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Alkhamiss
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Alcian Blue ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the preferred method (Giemsa or periodic acid Schiff-Alcian blue [PAS-AB] stains) of detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosal biopsies in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first report comparing Giemsa and PAS-AB staining for the detection of H. pylori in such biopsies. Methods: The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of 49 gastric biopsies from different patients were collected from the archive of anatomical pathology at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. From each block, three slides were prepared and analysed using the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Giemsa and PAS-AB stains to detect the presence/absence of H. pylori, and the results were compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity and applicability. Results: The majority of the biopsies in this study showed antrum-type gastric mucosa. Only 15 biopsies showed active gastritis, whereas the rest showed chronic gastritis. Three biopsies showed intestinal metaplasia. All were detected by PAS-AB stain, but only two-thirds were detected by H&E stain. Fifteen gastric biopsies showed H. pylori infection in general and in 13 of them, active gastritis cases were discovered. Fourteen out of these 15 H. pylori infection cases were detected by Giemsa stain, whereas only 13 cases were detected by H&E stain. PAS-AB stain showed the worst results since it demonstrated only 40% sensitivity and 67.65% specificity in H. pylori detection. Conclusion: Giemsa stain has better sensitivity and specificity in gastric H. pylori infection detection than PAS-AB. Therefore, using PAS-AB stain to detect H. pylori infection is not recommended.

scholarly journals Histological observations on the dendretic organ of the farmed adult African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) from eastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
Ekele Ikpegbu ◽  
Uchenna Nlebedum ◽  
Okechukwu Nnadozie ◽  
Okezie Agbakwuru
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Respiratory Organ ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Subepithelial Layer

The histology of the accessory respiratory organ of the African catfish - dendretic organ was investigated to reveal its microanatomy. The data obtained will provide baseline data for further investigative research and assist fish pathologists. The histology showed that the tubular shaped dendretic organ was covered by stratified squamous epithelium containing periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and alcian blue (AB) positive mucous cells. On most surfaces, the epithelial cells were organized into columns with mucous cells placed in-between the epithelial cell columns. At the tip of the surface, capillaries were lined by endothelium at the surface epithelium/air contact area. The subepithelial layer was of loose connective tissue containing adipose tissue and occasional blood vessels. The core of the dendretic organ contained elastic cartilage surrounded by a dense layer of perichondrium. Elastic fibres were observed the territorial and inter-territorial spaces.

Effects of parathyroid extract. II: changes preceding renal calcification

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagan H. Bradford ◽  
R. Palmer Howard ◽  
Walter Joel ◽  
Jerry Puls ◽  
M. R. Shetlar
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Alcian Blue Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Parathyroid Extract ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Parathyroid extract, a total of 860 units, has been administered to rats in small, progressively increasing doses over a period of 12 days. The effects on serum protein, total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, calcium, individual protein and glycoprotein fractions, and renal calcification have been presented. Kidney sections from each rat were studied by histochemical techniques for calcification, neutral polysaccharide, and acid mucopolysaccharide. The serum total glycoprotein, glycoprotein/protein ratio, and calcium were found to be elevated. The serum albumin was decreased, whereas the globulin fractions were essentially unchanged. The globulin glycoprotein hexose, mostly α1-globulin, was increased; albumin glycoprotein hexose showed a somewhat less consistent increase. A "precalcification" periodic acid-Schiff-staining intraluminal material was demonstrated in the kidney after parathyroid extract treatment for 4 days. This was followed approximately 2 days later by Alcian blue-staining material and calcification demonstrable by hematoxylin and eosin and by Kóssa staining techniques. This has been interpreted as suggesting a glycoprotein-containing lesion which precedes calcification.

Deep Learning-Based Spermatogenic Staging Assessment for Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Sections of Rat Testes

2020 ◽  
pp. 019262332096967
Author(s):  
Dianne M. Creasy ◽  
Satish T. Panchal ◽  
Rohit Garg ◽  
Pranab Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Specialized Training ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Sensitive Method

In preclinical toxicology studies, a “stage-aware” histopathological evaluation of testes is recognized as the most sensitive method to detect effects on spermatogenesis. A stage-aware evaluation requires the pathologist to be able to identify the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. Classically, this evaluation has been performed using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-stained sections to visualize the morphology of the developing spermatid acrosome, but due to the complexity of the rat spermatogenic cycle and the subtlety of the criteria used to distinguish between the 14 stages of the cycle, staging of tubules is not only time consuming but also requires specialized training and practice to become competent. Using different criteria, based largely on the shape and movement of the elongating spermatids within the tubule and pooling some of the stages, it is possible to stage tubules using routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections, thereby negating the need for a special PAS stain. These criteria have been used to develop an automated method to identify the stages of the rat spermatogenic cycle in digital images of H&E-stained Wistar rat testes. The algorithm identifies the spermatogenic stage of each tubule, thereby allowing the pathologist to quickly evaluate the testis in a stage-aware manner and rapidly calculate the stage frequencies.

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in the Pituitary Glands of Dogs and Cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Polledo ◽  
Guy C. M. Grinwis ◽  
Peter Graham ◽  
Mark Dunning ◽  
Kerstin Baiker
Keyword(s):  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nodular Hyperplasia ◽  
Cystic Changes ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

With the exception of classic functional adenomas in dogs and horses, pituitary lesions are infrequently described in the veterinary literature. Approximately 10% of pituitary glands from asymptomatic humans contain abnormalities, but the equivalent proportion in small animals is unknown. Pituitary glands from 136 dogs and 65 cats collected during routine necropsies were examined to determine the prevalence of pituitary lesions and their histopathological diagnosis. Lesions were characterized in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Gordon and Sweet’s and reticulin stains, and immunohistochemistry for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone–α, and prolactin. Pituitary abnormalities were identified in 36 of 136 (26.4%) dogs and 10 of 65 (15.3%) cats. Cystic changes were the most common lesion, occurring in 18 (13.2%) dogs and 8 (12.3%) cats. Pituitary neoplasia was detected in 14.1% (12/85) of middle-aged and old dogs; 1 (1.5%) cat had pituitary nodular hyperplasia. PAS and reticulin stains helped differentiate ACTH-immunoreactive adenomas from hyperplastic nodules: adenomas contained PAS-positive intracytoplasmic granules and loss of the normal reticulin network. One dog had a pituitary carcinoma with infiltration into the thalamus. Other pituitary abnormalities included secondary metastases (2 dogs) and hypophysitis (4 dogs, 1 cat). In most cases, the lesion appeared to be subclinical and could be considered incidental, whereas clinical manifestations were apparent in only 4 dogs (2.9%) and none of the cats with pituitary lesions. Pituitary abnormalities are common in dogs and cats, and their clinical relevance requires further investigation.

A physiological, biochemical and histological study of goose tracheal mucin and its secretion

1977 ◽  
Vol 279 (969) ◽  
pp. 513-540 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Mucin Secretion ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Tracheal mucin secretion has been measured from a segment of trachea, isolated in situ , in anaesthetized geese by a method that involves radioactive labelling of tracheal mucus glycoproteins (Gallagher et al. 1975). Goose tracheal mucus comes entirely from goblet cells, since the goose trachea does not contain submucosal mucous or serous glands, and this method has been used to investigate the nervous and pharmacological control of the mucin secretion from these epithelial goblet cells. The mucins secreted have been collected, fractionated, and chemically analysed. Intracellular mucin has been examined histochemically, and the results of electron microscopic observations of epithelial cells and nerves are presented. Acetylcholine increased tracheal mucin secretion, and this effect was completely blocked by atropine. Neither α- nor β-stimulant sympathomimetic amines affected tracheal mucin secretion. Stimulation of the peripheral cut ends of the descending oesophageal nerves increased tracheal mucin secretion and the majority of this response, approximately three-quarters, appeared to be cholinergic since this proportion was blocked by atropine. The mediator for the atropine-resistant part of the response is not known, but it appears not to be a β-adrenoreceptor stimulant since the response to nerve stimulation was unaffected by propranolol given at 34 μm intrasegmentally. Other possibilities are discussed. Atropine itself decreased the resting level of tracheal mucin secretion. The local anaesthetic, lignocaine, increased tracheal mucin secretion, while at the same time blocking the responses to acetylcholine and descending oesophageal nerve stimulation. The implications of this are discussed. The electrophoretic, gel filtration and ion-exchange properties of goose tracheal mucins showed that they represented high molecular mass, negatively charged glycoproteins which could be labelled biosynthetically with [ 35 S]sulphate, [ 3 H]- and [ 14 C]glucose. These mucins could be stained with Alcian blue or periodic acid Schiff reagent. The carbohydrate composition was unusual for an epithelial glycoprotein in that fucose was absent and mannose was present in small quantities. The monosaccharides present in larger quantity were galactose, N -acetylglucosamine, N -acetylgalactosamine and sialic acid. Histochemical analysis of tissue sections of gosling tracheas demonstrated that nearly all of the glycoprotein in epithelial goblet cells contained both sialic acid and sulphate residues. Sialated mucin was present also, but to a lesser extent, and many cells contained a mixture of sialated and sulphated mucins. The adult goose trachea had a high proportion of sialated glycoprotein. Electron microscopy showed a range of epithelial cell types and intra-epithelial nerves also. Many of the nerves had neurosecretory vesicles suggestive of motor function and some were near to goblet cells.

scholarly journals Condrolipoma na orelha de um cão

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Maria De Fátima De Souza ◽  
Alinne Emanuelle Monteiro Sarmento ◽  
Francisca Maria Sousa Barbosa ◽  
Raul Antunes Silva Siqueira ◽  
Ivia Carmem Talieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background: Lipoma is defined as a tumor composed of mature adipocytes, identical to the cells that form normal adult fat. Other elements may also be present, such as cartilaginous tissue. Chondrolipoma is characterized by the presence of differentiated cartilage islands spread within a typical lipoma, in which mucin and collagen can be observed around isles of chondrocytes. This condition affects mainly middle-aged or elderly dogs as well as elderly humans. In the scientific literature, chondrolipomas have not yet been described on the ear of dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to report a case of chondrolipoma on the ear of a dog and its histopathological and histochemical description.Case: A female, 10-year-old, Labrador retriever dog was admitted to the Veterinarian Hospital of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil. The dog was presented with an ulcerated pendulous nodule on the ear, with a clinical evolution of approximately 7 months. A biopsy sample was taken and submitted to the Veterinary Histopathology Laboratory of the UFPB. Macroscopic evaluation revealed a pendulous and firm nodule, with a round apex, measuring 1.3cm in diameter. The epidermis covering the nodule exhibited an ulcer of 0.5cm in length. The nodule exhibited resistance to cutting and the surface was dark red with hard areas in the center. Sample was fixed in 10% formalin and routinely processed for histology, embedded in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB), Masson’s trichrome (MT), and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Histopathological evaluation revealed that the nodule was encapsulated, formed by adipocytes of variable sizes. Adipocytes were well-differentiated and the nodule was defined as lipoma. Within the lipoma there was proliferation of chondrocyte islands in a bluish basophilic matrix. Adjacently, abundant fibrous connective tissue was found intertwined with blood vessels. Some vessels exhibited red blood cells in the vicinity, indicating hemorrhage. The epidermis covering the nodule was slightly acanthotic and moderately hyperkeratotic. MT staining marked the fibrous tissue in blue. AB staining revealed blue areas confirming the presence of mucin around cartilage islands. PAS staining revealed the presence of glycogen between mesenchymal cells, which included chondrocytes.Discussion: The diagnosis of chondrolipoma was concluded with the presence of a well-differentiated lipoma, randomly intertwined with cartilage islands, which were also well-differentiated and spread within a typical lipoma. Additionally, the presence of mucin and collagen around the isles of chondrocytes facilitated the diagnosis. Chondrocytes presented different phases of maturation. The case described here exhibited microscopic characteristics that were similar but somewhat different to those previously reported by other authors, in considering that the nodule was encapsulated, and did not exhibit cell atypia or mineralization in the cartilage islands. Most studies published used PAS and Masson’s trichrome staining techniques to confirm the diagnosis of chondrolipoma. However, alcian blue also aids in diagnosing this condition. The tumor developed for months before the dog was taken to a veterinarian, when it finally became ulcerated, which characterized it as non-invasive. Chondrolipoma is a benign tumor, which does not induce metastasis and once excised does not exhibit recurrence. In veterinary medicine, the presence of cartilage within a lipoma is a rare event.

Submucosal Lifting Agent ORISE Gel Remnants Histopathologically Mimic Mucin and Malignancy: A Case Series

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S73-S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Cypher ◽  
Shaoli Sun ◽  
Erin Forster ◽  
Brenda Hoffman ◽  
David Lewin
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Abstract Introduction There were an estimated 18.1 million new cancer cases in 2018, with colon cancer being the third most common worldwide. Colon cancer development is an accumulation of mutations resulting in normal epithelial cells transforming into adenomas and then adenocarcinomas. In certain scenarios, endoscopic interventions have gained considerable momentum over invasive surgery as an alternative to manage early gastrointestinal lesions. New techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection allow for removal of large, flat sessile polyps. Successful EMR is dependent on expanding the submucosal space to create adequate lift of the polyp to facilitate tissue capture and to avoid perforation and excess bleeding. ORISE gel (Boston Scientific) is a submucosal lifting agent currently in use in the United States. Methods We present three cases of gastrointestinal specimens obtained using ORISE gel. Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin revealed submucosal amorphous deposits that appeared to be mucin. Due to the concern for malignancy, additional stains were performed, including periodic acid–Schiff with diastase digestion (DPAS) to identify mucin. DPAS staining for mucin was negative, indicating the mucinous-appearing amorphous material seen on hematoxylin and eosin staining was not mucin but a likely remnant ORISE gel used during EMR. Additional immunohistochemical stains for epithelial cells (cytokeratin AE1/AE3) were also performed to exclude the presence of infiltrating tumor cells. Conclusion These three cautionary cases reveal the importance of good communication between endoscopists and pathology. In an effort to avoid overdiagnosis and/or the usage of unnecessary additional stains, pathologists should be alerted of ORISE gel usage.

Trophoblast ultrastructure in murine interspecies pregnancy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
M. Crepeau ◽  
S. Yamashiro ◽  
T. Bast ◽  
B.A. Croy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Pregnancy Failure ◽  
Mus Caroli ◽  
Implantation Sites ◽  
Time Point

Mus caroli blastocysts transferred to the uterus of pseudopregnant Mus musculus implant but do not survive past midgestation. Blastocyst microsurgery has been used to show that trophoblast is the tissue responsible for pregnancy failure but the nature of the failure remains undefined. Therefore a histological study, was undertaken to compare development of M. caroli embryos in M. musculus and M. caroli uteri at a time point just prior to development of grossly observable lesions.Seven transferred M. caroli embryos and six transferred M. musculus embryos were recovered from three M. musculus recipients on day 8.5 of gestation. Four M. caroli embryos recovered from a M. caroli uterus on day 7.5 of gestation were used as stage-matched controls. For light microscopy, 2 μm thick, glycol methacrylate embedded (3), sections of implantation sites were stained with H & E or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). For electron microscopy, small pieces of the tissues were fixed and processed routinely.

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