scholarly journals Natural radioactivity in imported ceramic tiles used in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Milica Rajacic ◽  
Tamara Rakic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Ceramic tiles are one of the commonly used decorative building materials. Body of ceramic tiles is a mixture of different raw materials including clays, quartz materials and feldspat, and may be glazed or left unglazed. Due to the presence of zircon in the glaze, ceramic tiles can show natural radioactivity concentration significantly higher than the average values for building materials. This study presents a summary of results obtained by a survey which was consisted of measurements of activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in imported ceramic tile samples used in Serbia using a gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector. Based on the obtained concentrations, gamma index, radium equivalent activity, the indoor absorbed dose rate and the corresponding annual effective dose were evaluated to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with these building materials.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BUILDING MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Fei Tuo ◽  
Xuan Peng ◽  
Qiang Zhou ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

Abstract Radioactivity of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were measured in a total of 92 samples, including eight commonly used types of building materials that were obtained from local manufacturers and suppliers in Beijing. Concentrations were determined using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry. The 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K activity concentrations in all samples varied from 10.1 to 661, 3.3 to 555 and 3.2 to 2945 Bq per kg with an average of 127.8, 114.8, and 701.5 Bq per kg, respectively. The potential radiological hazards were estimated by calculating the absorbed dose rate (D), radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external hazard (Hex), and internal hazard (Hin) indices. The investigated building materials were classified into different types according to the radioactivity levels. Results from this research will provide a reference for the acquisition, sales, and use of building materials. Attention should be paid to the use of coal cinder brick, ceramic, and granite in the construction of dwellings.

scholarly journals Measurements of natural radioactivity in soil samples collected in the Kampinoski National Park

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00052
Author(s):  
Aneta Łukaszek-Chmielewska ◽  
Martin Girard ◽  
Olga Stawarz ◽  
Barbara Piotrowska ◽  
Karol Wojtkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values

In this article are presented the results of measurements of natural radioactivity in twelve soil samples from the Kampinoski National Park by using high purity germanium detector (HPGe). The average values of the natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ac concentrations in the soil samples are 8.54, 6.65 and 206 Bq/kg respectively. Additionally radiation hazard indices were calculated to evaluate the radiological risk for the public and environment. The results show that the mean values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and gamma absorbed dose rate (D) in the air, outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (Eout), and representative level index (Iγ) for analyzed samples were lower than the limit recommended by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). This study is the first to evaluate the radiological impacts in the investigation area.

scholarly journals 232Th, 226Ra, and 40K activities and associated radiological hazards in building materials of Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Rahman ◽  
Muhammad Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiological Hazards ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

Radioactivity levels in building materials, collected from the Islamabad capital territory have been determined by using a gamma spectrometric technique. Measured specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in material samples ranged from 8 ? 1 to 116 ? 6 Bq/kg, 9 ? 1 to 152 ? ? 5 Bq/kg, and 29 ? 6 to 974 ? 23 Bq/kg, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose, and gamma index were evaluated from the measured amounts of radioactivity to assess the radiation hazard associated with the studied building materials. The mean radium equivalent activity, the absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose estimated ranged from 81 ? 6 to 221 ? 11 Bq/kg, 38 ? 3 to 104 ? 5 nGy/h, and 0.23 ? 0.02 to 0.64 ? 0.03 mSv, respectively. The ranges of the calculated Raeq were found to be lower than the values recommended for construction materials (370 Bq/kg). The mean values of the internal and external hazard indices were found in the range of 0.30 ? 0.02 to 0.78 ? 0.05 and 0.22 ? 0.02 to 0.60 ? 0.03, respectively. The results of the materials examined indicate no significant radiological hazards arise from using such material in building construction.

Natural Radioactivity of Bricks in Historical Buildings in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Eva Singovszka ◽  
Adriana Estokova
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Measured Mass

The occurrence of radionuclides in the raw materials from which the building materials are made is a potential radiation risk in buildings constructed from these materials. In this study, four historical buildings were investigated regarding the natural radioactivity of the used bricks. The gamma radiation was evaluated using the measured mass activities of the most important radionuclides and expressed by the gamma indexes (Iγ) and dose rates. The results proved that the activity concentrations of 232Th and 40K radioisotopes in bricks are higher than worldwide values. Even though Iγ do not exceed the recommended value (Iγ ˂ 1), the absorbed dose rate for the structures in indoor air was calculated in the range 115.94-161.44 nGy/h which is twice the global average for this parameter.

CHARACTERIZATION OF SAND SAMPLES FROM KARACHI BEACHES USING GAMMA SPECTROMETRY AND XRD

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahan Zeb ◽  
Mohammad Wasim ◽  
Sardar A Shah ◽  
Safia Khanam ◽  
Hajira Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Chemical Phase ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Average Activity

Abstract Chemical phase and distribution of natural radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th and 40K) were determined for sand samples collected from ten different beaches of Karachi. All samples, except one, were identified with major and minor phases as SiO2 and CaCO3, respectively. The average activity concentrations were 24.9, 25.0 and 239 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Including all samples, the average radium equivalent activity was 79.1 Bq kg−1. The external and internal radiation hazard indices and representative level index were all found below unity. The average air absorbed dose rate at 1 m above the sand due to the natural radionuclides was 18.3 nGy h−1, which was less than the world average for soil. The corresponding annual effective dose rate was 22.4 μSv y−1. It was found that Raeq had positive significant correlation with the amount of quartz present at the beaches.

scholarly journals Suitability of rocks and sediments from Brzeszcze and Silesia coal mines as building materials in terms of radiological hazard

Nukleonika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Monika Śleziak ◽  
Marek Duliński
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiological Hazard ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radiological Hazard Indices

Abstract The isotope activity concentration of rocks and bottom sediments was evaluated based on the samples collected from sedimentation ponds and gangue repositories. Radium 226Ra, thorium 228Th and potassium 40K activities were measured by gamma spectrometry using high-purity germanium detector – HPGe 4020. The radiation effect resulting from the presence of natural radionuclides was estimated by radiological hazard indices such as f1 and f2 coefficients, radium equivalent, internal and external hazard indices and absorbed dose rate. Performed measurements and calculations have shown that the bottom sediments are most contaminated. They may pose a serious radiological hazard for present and future generations.

scholarly journals Concentrations of natural radionuclides in imported zirconium minerals

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Ceramics Industry

The natural radioactivity in imported zircon samples used as glaze for ceramic tiles in the ceramics industry has been presented in this paper. The measurements were made by gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium detector. The average activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th determined in the measured samples (3250 Bq/kg, and 556 Bq/kg, respectively) are much higher than the concentrations found in the Earth?s crust. The activity concentration of 226Ra is also high in all analyzed samples, while 40K was not detected. The gamma index, I, the external hazard index, Hex, the internal hazard index, Hin, and the radium equivalent activity, Raeq, were calculated. Due to relatively high activity concentration level of uranium in imported zircon samples, specific regulations are necessary for zircon compound used in ceramic industry. It can be concluded that the investigated samples can be used as the component of ceramic glaze in the concentrations not above 3%.

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF RADIATION HAZARDS IN SOILS FROM GRANITOIDE-GRANITE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION IN CUBA

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C M Alonso-Hernández ◽  
A L Toledo-Sibello ◽  
A Guillén-Arruebarrena ◽  
R Sibello-Hernández ◽  
Y Morera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index

Abstract The natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards of soils from the Cumanayagua Granitoide-Granitic massif in the central south of Cuba have been studied. Mass activities of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K varied in the ranges 10.4–33, 4.6–21.7 and 381–1201 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (91.4 ± 22.1 Bq kg−1), absorbed dose rate (45.6 ± 11.1 nGy h−1), annual effective dose rate (56.1 ± 13.7 μSv y−1) and the external hazard index (0.25 ± 0.06) have been calculated and compared with the internationally approved values. According to these results, the area can be regarded as an area with normal natural background radiation and may not pose radiological risks to the inhabitants owing to harmful effects of ionizing radiation from the natural radionuclides in soils. This study provides background radioactivity concentrations in Cumanayagua Granitoide area and generate a baseline data for radiological mapping of Cuba in the future.

scholarly journals Determination the Natural Radioactivity Levels at Selected Regions in Al-Najaf Governorate

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Nada M. Hasan ◽  
◽  
Jamal K. Alsaedi ◽  
Salam K. Alnasri ◽  
Ali A. Abdulhasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Radioactivity Levels

The natural radioactivity levels for radium(226Ra), thorium (232Th) and potassium (40K) have been determined in soil samples selected from different regions in Najaf governorate in Iraq. The samples were collected from the ground surface. Eight samples were measured by gamma ray spectroscopy using high purity germanium detector. The levelsof radionuclides concentrations in selected samples 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were in the range of (2.5±0.29 to 7.7±0.52) Bq/kg (6.3±0.43 to 16.4±1.9) Bq/kg and (31.5±3.4 to 204.1±11.9) Bq/kg for, respectively. The mean Radium Equivalent Activity, External and Internal Hazard Indices, the Absorbed Dose Rate in Air and the Annual Effective Doses Equivalent were studied and found these parameter are less than the reported values. Therefore, the radioactivity in the studied area in Najaf does not pose any radiological hazard to the general public.

Natural radioactivity in some building materials and assessment of the associated radiation hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Amira Kasumović ◽  
Ema Hankić ◽  
Amela Kasić ◽  
Feriz Adrović
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Radioactive Nuclides ◽  
Specific Activities

AbstractThe results of the specific activities of232Th,226Ra and40K measured in samples of commonly used building materials in Bosnia and Herzegovina are presented. Measurements were performed by gamma-ray spectrometer with coaxial HPGe detector. The surface radon exhalation and mass exhalation rates for selected building materials were also measured. The determined values of specific activities were in range from 3.16±0.81 Bq kg−1to 64.79±6.16 Bq kg−1for232Th, from 2.46±0.95 Bq kg−1to 53.89 ±3.67 Bq kg−1for226Ra and from 28.44±7.28 Bq kg−1to 557.30±93.38 Bq kg−1for40K. The radium equivalent activity, the activity concentration index, the external and internal hazard indices as well as the absorbed dose rate in indoor air and the corresponding annual effective dose, due to gamma-ray emission from the radioactive nuclides in the building material, were evaluated in order to assess the radiation hazards for people. The measured specific activities of the natural radioactive nuclides in all investigated building materials were compared with the published results for building materials from other European countries. It can be noted that the results from this study are similar to the data for building materials from neighbouring countries and for building materials used in the EU Member States. The radiological hazard parameters of the building materials were all within the recommended limits for safety use.

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