scholarly journals Concentrations of natural radionuclides in imported zirconium minerals

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Ceramics Industry

The natural radioactivity in imported zircon samples used as glaze for ceramic tiles in the ceramics industry has been presented in this paper. The measurements were made by gamma spectrometry with a high purity germanium detector. The average activity concentrations of 238U and 232Th determined in the measured samples (3250 Bq/kg, and 556 Bq/kg, respectively) are much higher than the concentrations found in the Earth?s crust. The activity concentration of 226Ra is also high in all analyzed samples, while 40K was not detected. The gamma index, I, the external hazard index, Hex, the internal hazard index, Hin, and the radium equivalent activity, Raeq, were calculated. Due to relatively high activity concentration level of uranium in imported zircon samples, specific regulations are necessary for zircon compound used in ceramic industry. It can be concluded that the investigated samples can be used as the component of ceramic glaze in the concentrations not above 3%.

Significance of Uranium Series Disequilibrium and Their Radiological Impacts In Abu Garadi Altered Granites.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Hussein ◽  
Mahmoud khattab ◽  
Waleed A. El-Said ◽  
Neveen S. Abed ◽  
A. F. Tawfic
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Germanium Detector ◽  
Reduction Zone ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract Radioactivity of U, Th series and 40K in the collected samples from Abu Garadi area were measured using Hyper Pure Germanium detector Gamma spectrometer (HPGe). 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 238U contents were determined in the different samples that indicating high uranium high thorium type of these granites. The activity concentrations of 232Th, 238U, 234U/238U activity ratio of the studied altered granites ranged between 1.98 to 4.25 with 2.89 as an average, indicating that the samples passed from the incipience of the oxidation-reduction zone (234U/238U=1.98) to the reduction zone (234U/238U= 4.52). 238U/235U activity ratios showed broad range as a result of the alteration processes. 226Ra and 40K are very important in determination of different environmental hazard impacts. The activity concentrations average of 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 6553.7 ± 3.1 Bq kg− 1, 3944 ± 0.9 Bq kg− 1 201.3 ± 1.1 Bq kg− 1 and 619.4 ± 0.02 Bq kg− 1. The absorbed gamma dose rate (D), external hazard index (Hex), annual effective dose rate equivalent, radium equivalent (Raeq), internal hazard index (Hin), gamma index (Iγ) as well as Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) were applied based on the measured radionuclide concentration of the 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K.

scholarly journals Environmental radioactivity in southern Serbia at locations where depleted uranium was used

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataša B. Sarap ◽  
Marija M. Janković ◽  
Dragana J. Todorović ◽  
Jelena D. Nikolić ◽  
Milojko S. Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Depleted Uranium ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gross Alpha ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Radioactivity Monitoring

AbstractIn the 1999 bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, NATO forces used ammunition containing depleted uranium. The cleaning of depleted uranium that followed was performed in southern Serbia by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences between 2002 and 2007 at the locations of Pljačkovica, Borovac, Bratoselce, and Reljan. This paper presents detailed results of radioactivity monitoring four years after cleaning (2011), which included the determination of gamma emitters in soil, water, and plant samples, as well as gross alpha and beta activities in water samples. The gamma spectrometry results showed the presence of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 235U, 238U, and the produced radionuclide 137Cs (from the Chernobyl accident). In order to evaluate the radiological hazard from soil, the radium equivalent activity, the gamma dose rate, the external hazard index, and the annual effective dose were calculated. Considering that a significant number of people inhabit the studied locations, the periodical monitoring of radionuclide content is vital.

Natural Radioactivity of Topsoil in Two Granite Areas of Guangzhou, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3691-3695
Author(s):  
Gang Song ◽  
Min Xing Lu ◽  
Qiu Ping Zhu ◽  
Di Yun Chen ◽  
Yong Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The natural radionuclide (238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K) concentrations in 152 soil samples were determined from two major granite areas in Guangzhou, using high resolution γ-ray spectroscopic system based on the characteristic spectral peaks. The mean activity values for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were found to be 156.6±98.8, 160.9±96.5, 184.8±101.5 and 832.5±493.1 Bq kg–1 dry mass, respectively. The absorbed dose rate (D) calculated from activity concentration of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K ranged from 53.2 to 497.1 nGy h–1 with a mean of 220.7 nGy h–1. The Radium equivalent activity (Raeq), the outdoor annual effective dose and the external hazard index (Ir), which resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 119.7 to 1117.2 Bq kg–1, from 0.07 to 0.61 mSv and from 0.33 to 3.07, respectively. The radium equivalent activities and the external hazard index in all the soil samples were same as 64.5% higher than the limit of 370 Bq kg–1 and 1.0, respectively. The outdoor annual effective dose was higher than the worldwide mean value of 0.07 mSv.

scholarly journals Natural radioactivity in imported ceramic tiles used in Serbia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Jankovic ◽  
Milica Rajacic ◽  
Tamara Rakic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Gamma Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Ceramic tiles are one of the commonly used decorative building materials. Body of ceramic tiles is a mixture of different raw materials including clays, quartz materials and feldspat, and may be glazed or left unglazed. Due to the presence of zircon in the glaze, ceramic tiles can show natural radioactivity concentration significantly higher than the average values for building materials. This study presents a summary of results obtained by a survey which was consisted of measurements of activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in imported ceramic tile samples used in Serbia using a gamma spectrometer with HPGe detector. Based on the obtained concentrations, gamma index, radium equivalent activity, the indoor absorbed dose rate and the corresponding annual effective dose were evaluated to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with these building materials.

scholarly journals A review: Natural and artificial radionuclides and radiation hazard parameters in the soil of mountain regions in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Branislava Mitrovic ◽  
Dragana Todorovic ◽  
Jelena Ajtic ◽  
Borjana Vranjes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Hazard Parameters

This review paper discusses the content of natural (40K, 238U, 226Ra, and 232Th) and artificial (137Cs) radionuclides in the soil of the mountains of Maljen, Tara and Kopaonik in the Republic of Serbia over 2002-2015. In addition, the paper gives radiation hazard parameters, i.e., radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, external hazard index, annual gonadal dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk outdoors that we calculated from the obtained content of the natural radionuclides in the soil samples. We compared the parameters to previously published results for different parts of the country and looked into the radioecological status of the investigated areas.

scholarly journals Health risk assessment of natural and artificial radionuclides in medicinal plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Milena Živković ◽  
Nenad Zlatić ◽  
Dragana Krstić ◽  
Milan Stanković
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
The Mean

In the present work, we determined activity concentrations of ten Medicinal herbs using gamma spectrometry. The radioactivity concentration of 226 Ra, 232 Th, 40 K and 137 Cs were 2.82, 0.63, 984.32, 0.28 Bq/kg, respectively. These doses are not hazardous to the general public's health. The mean values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose rates (D), annual effective dose (De) and external hazard index (Hex) are 79.51 Bq/kg, 42.73 nGy-1 , 52.40 µSv and 0.21, respectively. Medicinal plants used to make tea do not contain a concentration of tested radionuclides that would cause negative consequences to one's health.

scholarly journals Determination of natural radioactivity, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Li ◽  
Xinwei Lu ◽  
Xiaolan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Local Residents

Natural radioactivity levels, 222Rn and 220Rn exhalation rates and radiation hazards of fly ash and fly ash brick used in Baotou, China were determined. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K in fly ash samples ranged from 38.81 to 93.73, 40.34 to 135.17, and 66.92 to 290.86 Bq/kg with an average of 76.52, 109.95, and 170.72 Bq/kg, respectively; while in fly ash brick samples, these radionuclides ranged from 42.43 to 71.60, 76.65 to 208.37, and 94.32 to 489.42 Bq/kg with an average of 53.83, 101.93, and 266.48 Bq/kg, respectively. The exhalation rates of 222Rn and 220Rn in all determined samples were in the range of 1.13-20.50 and 15.60-113.00 mBq/m2s, respectively. The calculated results of the radium equivalent activity, external hazard index, internal hazard index, indoor annual effective dose and outdoor annual effective dose indicated that fly ashes and fly ash bricks collected from some brick factories of Baotou would pose excessive radiation risks to inhabitants and that they are not suitable for use in building construction. The natural radioactivity level of fly ash and fly ash brick needs to be constantly monitored considering the radiation safety of the local residents.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the natural radioactivity level of Nigerian tar sand deposits, eastern Dahomey basin, southwestern Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Akinmosin ◽  
Michael Oladunjoye ◽  
Fabian Essien
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Dahomey Basin ◽  
Specific Activities

The specific activities of natural radionuclides in twenty seven samples collected from the eastern Dahomey basin in southwestern Nigeria were evaluated. Experimental results were obtained by using a 3" x 3" sodium iodide NaI(Tl) detector. A major trace element assessment of the samples was made by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry techniques. Gamma ray radioactive standard sources, 137Cs and 60Co, were used to calibrate the measurement system and the International Atomic Energy Agency SOIL-375 radioactive standard source was also used to analyze and compute the specific activities of desired natural radionuclides. Three radioelements, viz. 238U, 232Th and 40K, were identified in the samples with the following specific activities of 238U ranging from 9.88 ? 4.70 Bq/kg to 69.15 ? 12.37 Bq/kg with an average of 26.50 ? 7.18 Bq/kg; 232Th from 12.78 ? 5.16 Bq/kg to 36.86 ? 13.35 Bq/kg with an average of 22.77 ? 4.28 Bq/kg; 40K ranging from 189.82 ? 79.51 Bq/kg to 518.77 ? ? 119.54 Bq/kg with an average of 297.69 ? 16.21 Bq/kg. The result was compared with the world mean values of 35, 30 and 400 Bq/kg, respectively, specified by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. The mean result obtained for the radium equivalent, total absorbed dose rate, external hazard index, internal hazard index, and the annual effective dose equivalent, were 79.90 Bq/kg, 38.50 ?Sv/h, 0.22 Bq/kg, 0.29 Bq/kg, and 47.22 ?Sv, respectively. With respect to radiological risk to human health, the absorbed gamma dose rate in air was estimated to be in the range of 21.7 ? 0.4 to 155.7 ? 2.2 ?Sv/h; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent was evaluated to vary from 26.6 ? 0.4 to 190.9 ? ? 2.7 ?Sv with the arithmetic mean value of 79.06 ? 33.23 ?Sv and compared to the world-wide effective dose of 70 ?Sv. Also, the values of the radium equivalent and the external hazard index for all samples in the study area were found to be lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370 Bq/kg and equally below the limit of unity, respectively. The results indicate that, at present, the radiation hazard from radionuclides in all samples analyzed is within permissible limits.

NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY AND EVALUATION OF RADIATION HAZARDS IN SOILS FROM GRANITOIDE-GRANITE GEOLOGICAL FORMATION IN CUBA

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
C M Alonso-Hernández ◽  
A L Toledo-Sibello ◽  
A Guillén-Arruebarrena ◽  
R Sibello-Hernández ◽  
Y Morera-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Radiation Hazards ◽  
External Hazard Index

Abstract The natural radioactivity and the associated radiation hazards of soils from the Cumanayagua Granitoide-Granitic massif in the central south of Cuba have been studied. Mass activities of the natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K varied in the ranges 10.4–33, 4.6–21.7 and 381–1201 Bq kg−1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity (91.4 ± 22.1 Bq kg−1), absorbed dose rate (45.6 ± 11.1 nGy h−1), annual effective dose rate (56.1 ± 13.7 μSv y−1) and the external hazard index (0.25 ± 0.06) have been calculated and compared with the internationally approved values. According to these results, the area can be regarded as an area with normal natural background radiation and may not pose radiological risks to the inhabitants owing to harmful effects of ionizing radiation from the natural radionuclides in soils. This study provides background radioactivity concentrations in Cumanayagua Granitoide area and generate a baseline data for radiological mapping of Cuba in the future.

scholarly journals Measurement of background radiation, cosmic ray flux and their hazard parameter of Baghdad city districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (31) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Average Value ◽  
External Hazard Index ◽  
Radium Equivalent ◽  
Cosmic Ray Flux

The aim of this work was directed to measure the cosmic ray (CR)flux and the background (BG) absorbed dose rate for districts ofBaghdad city. The maximum values of CR flux was 2.01(particle/cm2.s) registered for several Baghdad districts and theminimum was 0.403 (particle/cm2.s) belonging to Al-kadhimiyadistrict, whereas the overall average value was 1.24 (particle/cm2.s).The BG measurements showed that the maximum absorbed dose was25 nSv/h belonging to Noab AL-Dhbat district and the minimumabsorbed was 19.01 nSv/h observed in Al-Ghadeer district, whilethe overall average was 22.56 nSv/h, and this value is small than theIraqi permissible limit, which is restricted by Iraqi Center ofRadiation Protection.The hazard indices, radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed dose(D), external annual effective dose (EAD), internal hazard index(Hin), and external hazard index (Hext), of TBG, were estimated andall the values of these indices are within the allowed internationallimits.

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