scholarly journals Human trafficking and legalized prostitution in the Netherlands

Temida ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
European Country ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
General Study ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
The Eu

On 1 October 2000, the Netherlands became the first European country to legalize prostitution as a profession, with its rights and duties. On the other hand, this new Dutch law excluded those sex workers, who come from outside the EU. The majority of women working in the sex industry, who are considered illegal migrants in the Netherlands, had two choices: either leaving the country or disappearing into the illegal criminal circuit. For law enforcement and assistant services, it became extremely difficult to control the sector. In this paper, the consequences of the 'Brothel Law' are presented. What happens with illegal non-European sex workers in the Netherlands, how the problem of human trafficking is constructed in Dutch media and combated in the country, what could be learned from the 'Dutch case'? The paper aims to answer these questions and contribute to the general study on human trafficking and voluntary prostitution in Europe.

scholarly journals Female Subversion through Sex Work: Transgressive Discourses

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-137
Author(s):  
Marta Olasik
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Lesbian Studies ◽  
The One

The main objective of this article is to provide a multi-faceted and spatially-sensitive reflection on sex work. Taking as a point of departure subversive feminist politics on the one hand and the much contingent notion of citizenship on the other, I intend to present various forms of prostitution as potentially positive and empowering modes of sexual and emotional auto-creation. Informed by the leading research of the subject, as well as inspired and educated by Australia-based Dr Elizabeth Smith from La Trobe University in Melbourne, who had researched and presented female sex workers as self-caring and subversive subjects who make own choices and derive satisfaction from their occupation, I wish to seek academic justice for all those women (and men or trans people, for that matter) in the sex industry who feel stigmatized by political pressure and ultra-feminist circles across Europe. Translating Dr Smith’s significant research into European (and Polish) social realities would be a valuable contribution to the local discussions on gender and sexuality, and axes they intersect with. More importantly, however, a framework of a conceptual interdisciplinary approach needs to be adopted—one in which a specific queer form of lesbian feminist reflection is combined with human geography, both of which have much to offer to various strands of sociological theory and practice. Therefore, as a queer lesbian scholar based in Poland, I would like to diverge a bit from my usual topic in order to pay an academic and activist tribute to the much neglected strand of sociology of sex work. However, my multi-faceted and interdisciplinary academic activity allows me to combine the matter in question with the field of lesbian studies. Both a female sex worker and a lesbian have been culturally positioned through the lens of what so-called femininity is, without a possibility to establish control over their own subjectivities. Hence, on the one hand the article is going to be an academic re-interpretation of sex work as such, but on the other, methodological possibilities of acknowledging and researching lesbian sex workers will be additionally considered with special attention to feminist epistemologies and praxis. While a sensitivity to a given locality is of utmost importance when dealing with gender and sexuality issues, I would like to suggest a somewhat overall approach to investigating both female empowerment through sex work and lesbian studies inclusive of sex workers. Importantly, the more common understandings of the sex industry need to be de-constructed in order for a diversity of transgressive discourses to emerge.

Sex Trafficking and Prostitution in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandré Gould
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
World Cup ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article examines the complex arrangements within which women working in prostitution in South Africa find themselves, and documents their resilience in a hazardous work environment. Findings are drawn from a survey and in-depth interviews with sex workers in Cape Town that investigated the nature and extent of human trafficking in the sex industry, and from a separate survey of sex workers during the World Cup in South Africa in 2010. The findings provide the basis for a critique of Western rescue missions and the larger antitrafficking movement.

Beyond Victimhood and Beyond Employment? Exploring Avenues for Labour Law to Empower Women Trafficked into the Sex Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-224
Author(s):  
Inga K Thiemann
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
Service Jobs ◽  
Labour Legislation ◽  
Female Migrant

Abstract This article explores under which circumstances a labour law approach could make a meaningful contribution to combatting human trafficking into the sex industry. In this, I critique the existing criminal law approach to human trafficking and its policies, which focus on trafficked persons as idealised victims in need of protection, rather than on their rights as workers, migrants and women. Furthermore, I also challenge the exclusion of sex workers from arguments for a labour law response to human trafficking, as they maintain the construction of trafficking for sexual exploitation and trafficking for labour exploitation as separate phenomena. Instead, this article advocates an alternative labour law approach to human trafficking, which incorporates wider interdisciplinary issues of gender equality and societal exclusions for women and migrants, and particularly female migrant sex workers, within a labour response. My focus is therefore on exclusions maintained by existing labour legislation, which are based on the standard employment contract and amplified by barriers to labour protections faced by workers in female-dominated service jobs in general and by sex workers in particular. As sex workers’ embodied feminised labour is deemed not to be ‘real work’, they seem to be unworthy of labour protections. My proposed labour response to human trafficking into the sex industry therefore combines some of the strengths of the existing labour rights-focussed anti-trafficking and exploitation discourse with arguments from feminist labour law theory in order to tackle the intersectional dimension of human trafficking into the sex industry.

scholarly journals Combating credit fraud: experience of Ukraine and some other European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Cherniei ◽  
Serhii Cherniavskyi ◽  
Alexander Dzhuzha ◽  
Viktoria Babanina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of combating fraud in the field of finance, in particular, combating crimes in the field of lending. The experience of Ukrainian law enforcement agencies in combating credit fraud has been studied. The experience of some European Union countries in combating financial fraud is analyzed. To achieve the goal of the paper a set of general scientific and special methods was used, such as method of system-structural analysis, dogmatic (formal-logical), historical, general sociological, comparative-legal method and others. It is concluded in the article that the rules of criminal law of Ukraine establish more severe penalties for some crimes compared to EU countries. For example, this applies to crimes in the field of money laundering. On the other hand, some offenses that do not qualify as crimes in Ukraine are recognized as criminal offenses in the EU. For example, this applies to abuses in the field of insurance. According to the results of the study, the solution of some important issues is proposed such as improvement of the current legislation in the field of credit and financial relations, adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine to international norms and standards in the system of credit and financial relations.

scholarly journals Dressing Down Migrant Sex Works: the Global Anti-Trafficking Regime, Legal Employment Rights, and Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasti Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Canadian Government ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Restrictive Policy

This paper analyzes the contemporary global anti-trafficking regime and discusses the destructive influence this regime has had on the lives of migrant sex workers. Through the use of public documents and academic literature, I deconstruct the global anti-trafficking discourses and argue in favour of more viable rights-based solutions (e.g., labour rights, immigration rights, and sexual rights) for combating human trafficking. Within this analysis, I explore the Canadian government’s gradual commitment to combat human trafficking through the gradual discontinuation of the exotic dancer visa, and eventual implementation of the migrant sex worker ban. In formalizing its commitment to combating trafficking, the Canadian government has implemented restrictive policy measures terminating migrant women’s ability to legally access the Canadian sex industry. While this type of employment was problematic in many ways, the Canadian government should have addressed these issues through rights-based policy initiatives instead of prohibiting access as part of its anti-trafficking campaign

scholarly journals Dressing Down Migrant Sex Works: the Global Anti-Trafficking Regime, Legal Employment Rights, and Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasti Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Canadian Government ◽  
Sex Worker ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Restrictive Policy

This paper analyzes the contemporary global anti-trafficking regime and discusses the destructive influence this regime has had on the lives of migrant sex workers. Through the use of public documents and academic literature, I deconstruct the global anti-trafficking discourses and argue in favour of more viable rights-based solutions (e.g., labour rights, immigration rights, and sexual rights) for combating human trafficking. Within this analysis, I explore the Canadian government’s gradual commitment to combat human trafficking through the gradual discontinuation of the exotic dancer visa, and eventual implementation of the migrant sex worker ban. In formalizing its commitment to combating trafficking, the Canadian government has implemented restrictive policy measures terminating migrant women’s ability to legally access the Canadian sex industry. While this type of employment was problematic in many ways, the Canadian government should have addressed these issues through rights-based policy initiatives instead of prohibiting access as part of its anti-trafficking campaign

scholarly journals Economic indicators of goat breeding on family holdings in the Republic of Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1297-1308
Author(s):  
Zorica Sredojević ◽  
Tamara Vujić ◽  
Miroslav Jevremović
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

Goat milk and meat production in the world, Europe and the EU -Goat milk production in the world, from over one billion head of goats, amounts to about 18.6 million tons, of which 15.14% in Europe (2.8 million tons). There are over 15 million dairy goats in the EU. In the total production of goat milk in the EU in the amount of 2.2 million tons, the largest share belongs to Greece (26.16%), followed by France (27.45%), followed by Spain (22.85%) and the Netherlands (11.47%), and the other members together have a share of 12.07% (Table 1).

Advocating Sex Workers’ Rights by Identity-Based Associations in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Masako TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
The Public ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Criminalized Women ◽  
Safe Working

AbstractThere is no specific law in Nepal that directly criminalizes sex work. However, many sex workers have experienced arbitrary detention by law-enforcement authorities. The Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007 (HTTCA) criminalizes pimps and clients, but not sex workers directly. However, the Act was overinclusive and often criminalized women engaged in voluntary sex work. The new Criminal (Code) Act 2017 criminalizes advertising and providing facilities for sex work in the section concerning crimes against the public good. These laws are used to prosecute sex workers. Two identity-based associations (IBAs) emphasize the importance of decriminalization, but do not support the legalization of sex work. A licensing system, if introduced under legalization, may exclude the most vulnerable sex workers, including housewives, migrants, and sexual minorities, who are secretly engaged in the business. I conclude that ongoing advocacy of IBAs should seek to provide safe working environments for sex workers in Nepal.

scholarly journals Framing the Mother Tac: The Racialised, Sexualised and Gendered Politics of Modern Slavery in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
P. G. Macioti ◽  
Eurydice Aroney ◽  
Calum Bennachie ◽  
Anne E. Fehrenbacher ◽  
Calogero Giametta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Gendered Politics ◽  
Labour Exploitation ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Structural Roots ◽  
Migration Pathways

Centred on the slavery trial “Crown vs. Rungnapha Kanbut” heard in Sydney, New South Wales, between 10 April and 15 May 2019, this article seeks to frame the figure of the “Mother Tac” or the “mother of contract”, also called “mama tac” or “mae tac”—a term used amongst Thai migrants to describe a woman who hosts, collects debts from, and organises work for Thai migrant sex workers in their destination country. It proposes that this largely unexplored figure has come to assume a disproportionate role in the “modern slavery” approach to human trafficking, with its emphasis on absolute victims and individual offenders. The harms suffered by Kanbut’s victims are put into context by referring to existing literature on women accused of trafficking; interviews with Thai migrant sex workers, including Kanbut’s primary victim, and with members from the Australian Federal Police Human Trafficking Unit; and ethnographic field notes. The article unveils how constructions of both victim and offender, as well as definitions of slavery, are racialised, gendered, and sexualised and rely on the victims’ subjective accounts of bounded exploitation. By documenting these and other limitations involved in a criminal justice approach, the authors reveal its shortfalls. For instance, while harsh sentences are meant as a deterrence to others, the complex and structural roots of migrant labour exploitation remain unaffected. This research finds that improved legal migration pathways, the decriminalisation of the sex industry, and improved access to information and support for migrant sex workers are key to reducing heavier forms of labour exploitation, including human trafficking, in the Australian sex industry.

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