scholarly journals The influence of aging on pathologic and immunobiologic parameters of invasive ductal breast carcinoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 921-927
Author(s):  
Tatjana Ivkovic-Kapicl ◽  
Slavica Knezevic-Usaj ◽  
Milana Panjkovic ◽  
Dejan Nincic ◽  
Katarina Mastilovic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases

Background/Aim. Most human cancers, including breast one, increase in frequency with aging. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that aging also alters breast cancer biology. Methods. The study included 120 women with primary invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. We correlated the patients age and diagnosis with the commonly used clinical, pathological factors and newer tumor biomarkers. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for p53, c-erbB-2, Ki-67, estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) receptors, and angiogenesis. Results. In our study, the patients with axillary lymph node metastases and negative steroid hormone receptors (ER and PR) were significantly younger than the patients with nodal involvement and positive hormone receptors. There was also a significant association between the patients age, diagnosis and angiogenesis. No association was found between the patients age and tumor size, histological grade, p53, c-erbB-2, and Ki-67. Conclusion. The results of our study supported only partially the hypothesis that the breast cancer biology is significantly affected by a patient's age.

scholarly journals The Emerging Roles of Steroid Hormone Receptors in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) of the Breast

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Villanueva ◽  
Sandra Grimm ◽  
Sagar Dhamne ◽  
Kimal Rajapakshe ◽  
Adriana Visbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors

Abstract Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor to most types of invasive breast cancer (IBC). Although it is estimated only one third of untreated patients with DCIS will progress to IBC, standard of care for treatment is surgery and radiation. This therapeutic approach combined with a lack of reliable biomarker panels to predict DCIS progression is a major clinical problem. DCIS shares the same molecular subtypes as IBC including estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) positive luminal subtypes, which encompass the majority (60–70%) of DCIS. Compared to the established roles of ER and PR in luminal IBC, much less is known about the roles and mechanism of action of estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) and their cognate receptors in the development and progression of DCIS. This is an underexplored area of research due in part to a paucity of suitable experimental models of ER+/PR + DCIS. This review summarizes information from clinical and observational studies on steroid hormones as breast cancer risk factors and ER and PR as biomarkers in DCIS. Lastly, we discuss emerging experimental models of ER+/PR+ DCIS.

scholarly journals The Value of Ultrasound Diagnosed Axillary Lymph Node in Avoiding Axillary Surgery in Early Breast Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Liu ◽  
Liu Yang ◽  
Xinle Wang ◽  
Meiqi Wang ◽  
Ruoyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Axillary Surgery

Abstract Background: Axillary lymph node dissection can be avoided in early stage breast cancer patients with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy. However, the possibility of avoiding axillary surgery in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) by preoperative imaging is still under exploration. Thus, the objectives of this study were to investigate the high-risk factors of false negative of ALNM diagnosed by preoperative ultrasound (US) and to find out who could be avoided axillary surgery in the US negative ALNM patients.Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 3,361 patients with primary early breast cancer diagnosed in the Breast Center of the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2010 to December 2012. All patients had undergone routine preoperative US and then axillary lymph node dissected. This study investigated the clinicopathological features of axillary lymph node (ALN) negative patients diagnosed by preoperative US and its correlation with prognosis. The follow-up data for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were obtained from 2,357 patients. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of axillary US in this cohort were 66.24%, 76.62% and 73.87%. The proportion of patients in the false negative group was higher than that in true negative in the group of age < 50 years old (P = 0.002), tumor size > 2cm (P = 0.008), estrogen receptor (ER) positive (P = 0.005), progesterone receptor (PR) high expression (P = 0.007), nuclear-associated antigen Ki-67 (Ki-67) >20% (P = 0.030), visible vascular tumor thrombus (P < 0.001) and histological grade>2 (P < 0.001). Prognostic analysis of false negative and true negative ultrasonographic diagnosis of ALN metastasis: when ALNM was not found by preoperative ultrasound, there was no significant difference in patients with ALNM≤3 compared with patients without lymph node metastasis in patients of age ≥ 50 years old, tumor size ≤ 2cm, Ki-67 ≤ 20%, or histological grade ≤ 2. Conclusion: The surgery of ALN may be avoided for the preoperative US diagnosed ALNs negative in early breast cancer patients who had advanced age, small tumor size, low expression of Ki-67 and low histological grade.

Meeting Highlights: Updated International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 3357-3365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron Goldhirsch ◽  
William C. Wood ◽  
Richard D. Gelber ◽  
Alan S. Coates ◽  
Beat Thürlimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Impact

This account of the highlights of the eighth St Gallen (Switzerland) meeting in 2003 emphasizes new information that has emerged during the 2 years since the seventh meeting in 2001. This article should be read in conjunction with the report of that earlier meeting. Recommendations for patient care are so critically dependent on assessment of endocrine responsiveness that the importance of high-quality steroid hormone receptor determination and standardized quantitative reporting cannot be overemphasized. The International Consensus Panel modified the risk categories so that only endocrine receptor–absent status was sufficient to reclassify an otherwise low-risk, node-negative disease into the category of average risk. Absence of steroid hormone receptors also was recognized as indicating endocrine nonresponsiveness. Some important areas highlighted at the recent meeting include: (1) recognition of the separate nature of endocrine-nonresponsive breast cancer—both invasive cancers and ductal carcinoma-in-situ; (2) improved understanding of the mechanisms of acquired endocrine resistance, which offer exciting prospects for extending the impact of successful sequential endocrine therapies; (3) presentation of high-quality evidence indicating that chemotherapy and tamoxifen should be used sequentially rather than concurrently; (4) availability of a potential alternative to tamoxifen for treatment of postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive disease; and (5) the promise of newly defined prognostic and predictive markers.

Clinical applications of serum and tissue markers in malignant disease: breast cancer as the paradigm

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 2404-2412 ◽  
Author(s):  
G F Schwartz ◽  
R Schwarting ◽  
P Rabindranauth ◽  
G C Finkel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Dna Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Staging Systems

Abstract Within the past few years, the measurement of serum and tissue markers, especially the latter, has assumed a more significant role influencing clinical decisions about treatment and follow-up of patients with malignant disease. Breast cancer is a useful paradigm to illustrate the types and importance of these various markers. Tissue markers, including nuclear grade, steroid hormone receptors, DNA index, ploidy, expression of oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes, epidermal growth factors, cathepsin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Ki-67, p32, and others, may influence choices of initial treatment as well as adjuvant chemotherapy and (or) hormone administration. The serial measurement of serum markers, those currently available and those on the horizon, for example, may offer a way to monitor patients at risk for recurrent cancer. Although the current role of these markers may be controversial, as information about them is collected and refined, in the future perhaps a panel of such studies could be incorporated into forthcoming clinical staging systems for carcinoma of the breast and other malignancies to define both treatment and outcome.

Role of Androgen and Estrogen Receptors as Prognostic and Potential Predictive Markers of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maddalena Tumedei ◽  
Rosella Silvestrini ◽  
Sara Ravaioli ◽  
Ilaria Massa ◽  
Roberta Maltoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Prognostic Indicators

Background Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous disease that has not been investigated as widely as invasive breast cancer. Thus, the search for biomarkers capable of identifying DCIS lesions that may recur or progress to invasive cancer is ongoing. Although conventional steroid hormone receptors, cell proliferation and other important tumor markers have been extensively studied in invasive tumors, little is known about the role played by androgen receptors (ARs), widely expressed in breast cancer, in DCIS. Methods We performed a retrospective study in a series of 43 DCIS patients treated with quadrantectomy only and followed up for a period ranging from 5 to 13 years, to evaluate the prognostic relevance of conventional biomarkers (estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PgR], Ki67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]) and AR. Results Our findings showed that AR and ER were not independent prognostic variables and that an AR/ER ratio cutoff of 1.13 showed a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 94% in predicting in situ relapse or progression to the invasive phenotype. Moreover, while the variables considered singly showed area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.52% to 0.77%, the AR/ER ratio reached a very high AUC (0.92%). Conclusions These preliminary results highlight the potentially important role of AR and ER and, in particular, of their ratio, as prognostic indicators of DCIS evolution.

Steroid Hormone Receptors Related to Parameters Characterizing the Biology of Human Breast Cancer

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Görlich ◽  
Burkhard Jandrig
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Receptor Status

Steroid hormone receptors are important parameters to characterize breast tumors. Thus, it is important to evaluate their relationships with factors such as histological type and size of the tumor, axillary lymph node invasion and distant spread, age and menopausal status of the patients, and parameters of tumor differentiation. The receptor levels observed vary within wide ranges. Therefore, statistically significant differences between different groups of parameters are seldom found. A significant dependence on receptor levels has been observed only for patient age and menopausal status. The parameters clinical stage, tumor size, tumor histology, metastatic involvement and histopathologic grading showed no statistically significant relation with receptor levels. Nevertheless, a relationship exists between all parameters mentioned and the frequency of a positive receptor status. Consequently, receptor status can contribute to define the biological behavior of the disease in specific groups of patients. In individual cases other parameters than the biochemical evidence of steroid receptor binding seem to be more important. We found that data derived from DNA flow cytometric measurements allowed a better recognition of tumor aggressiveness than ER status. In axillary lymph node metastases we usually observed higher receptor levels than in primary tumors, but we did not find an age dependency of ER levels in these metastases.

scholarly journals A Case Report of Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated with Korean Medicine Therapy as a Substitute for Chemotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-hyun Lee ◽  
Sung-su Kim ◽  
Shin Seong
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Metastatic Lesion ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastases ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
Breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

The purpose of this case report is to show the potential benefit of Korean medicine therapy for treating multiple metastatic breast cancer. A 45-year-old Korean woman was diagnosed with right breast invasive ductal carcinoma in August 2012 but did not receive any treatment until October 2015 when she was diagnosed with stage 4 right breast cancer with multiple liver, bone, mesentery, retroperitoneum, and axillary lymph node metastases. After chemo-port insertion, she was treated with palliative chemotherapy and the first line of trastuzumab and paclitaxel, and the port was removed due to port infection. To treat sepsis, vancomycin and tazoperan were administered, before the third line of trastuzumab and paclitaxel was carried out. However, the patient gave up chemotherapy due to vancomycin-resistant enterococci and general weakness. Later, she received Korean medicine therapy with wild ginseng pharmacopuncture, distilled Soramdan S, Hae, and Jeobgoldan for 8 months, which led to a significant decrease of the multiple metastases. The patient was able to start walking again with the help of a walking stick. However, a new metastatic lesion was found on the right adrenal gland. This case suggests that the combination of chemotherapy and Korean medicine therapy may be valuable. Further research is indicated.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of angiogenesis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma with correlations to clinic pathological factor

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Ivkovic-Kapicl ◽  
Slavica Knezevic-Usaj ◽  
Milana Panjkovic ◽  
Katarina Mastilovic
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Tumor Phenotype

Background/aim: Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels from preexisting ones. The aim of our study was to determine the relevance of tumor-induced angiogenesis, its correlation with some of the commonly used clinical, pathological factors and the recent biological indicators, and metastatic potential of the tumor in a series of 120 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Methods. The identification of microvessels was performed immunohistochemically with factor VIII-related antigen. The microvessel count (MVC) was assessed at the invasive front of each carcinoma. The cases were divided into high-and low-microvessel density groups according to an average number of microvessels found in the multiple fields of the most vessel-dense part of each tumor. The nuclear immunohistochemical staining for hormone receptors, and the p53, and the membranous staining for cerbB-2 were evaluated. Results. There were significant correlations between a high MVC and a large tumor size, high histological grade, and c-erbB-2 protein over expression. There was no association between tumor angiogenesis, as assessed by the MVC, and the hormone receptors status, and the p53 protein expression. In the cases with a high MVC, there was a significant number of tumors with lymph node metastases. Conclusion. Our findings showed that a high MVC might point out an aggressive tumor phenotype. This might help to stratify patients for an appropriate therapy on an individual basis and, thus, offer the possibility of a more effectively tailored treatment program.

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