Carya ovata: Stritch, L.

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr. Ascomycota: Diaporthales. Hosts: Chestnut (Castanea spp.), Italian alder (Alnus cordata), apple (Malus domestica), Quercus spp., Castanopsis spp., Acer spp., staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina) and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata). Information is given on the geographical distrution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Corsica, Mainland France, Germany, Greece, Mainland Greece, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Azores, Madeira, Mainland Portugal, Romania, Russia, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine), Asia (Azerbaijan, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Georgia, India, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Iran, Japan, Honshu, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Turkey), Africa (Tunisia), North America (Canada, British Columbia, Ontario, USA, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Oceania (Australia, Victoria).

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DIFFERENCES IN THE UTILIZATION OF TREE SPECIES AS LARVAL HOSTS AND PUPATION SITES BY THE GYPSY MOTH, LYMANTRIA DISPAR (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent116685-5 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 116 (5) ◽

pp. 685-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yves Mauffette ◽

Martin J. Lechowicz

Keyword(s):

Gypsy Moth ◽

Host Species ◽

Quercus Rubra ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Coniferous Species ◽

Juglans Cinerea ◽

Ostrya Virginiana ◽

Carya Ovata ◽

Host Trees ◽

Late Instar

AbstractIn the summer of 1980, gypsy moth populations were monitored in 13 sparsely infested forests in southwestern Quebec; counts of living and dead larvae and pupae were made on 1,870 trees representing 28 deciduous and one coniferous species. Contrary to our null expectations, the proportionate numbers of pupae compared with larvae on the various host species were not equal. Hosts more preferred by larvae were less preferred by pupae, and vice versa. For example, pupae were disproportionately abundant on host species like Acer pensylvanicum L., Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, and Juglans cinerea L. which are not generally favored larval hosts. Conversely, favored larval hosts like Quercus rubra L. and Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch carried lower numbers of pupae than expected from the numbers of larvae feeding on them. Such differential utilization of host trees by larvae versus pupae, which can arise either from host-dependent differences in larval mortality or from late instar migration between hosts, may contribute to maintaining the broad polyphagy of gypsy moth larvae.

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Genomic evidence of a widespread southern distribution during the Last Glacial Maximum for two eastern North American hickory species

10.1101/205716 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jordan B. Bemmels ◽

Christopher W. Dick

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

North America ◽

Last Glacial Maximum ◽

Temperate Forest ◽

Eastern North America ◽

Carya Ovata ◽

History Of ◽

The Last Glacial Maximum ◽

The Last Glacial

AimPhylogeographic studies of temperate forest taxa often infer complex histories involving population subdivision into distinct refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, temperate forests may have been broadly distributed in southeastern North America during the LGM. We investigate genome-wide genetic structure in two widespread eastern North America tree species to determine if range expansion from a contiguous area or from genetically isolated refugia better explains the postglacial history of trees and forests from this region.LocationEastern North America (ENA).TaxaBitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K.Koch) and shagbark hickory (Carya ovata (Mill.) K.Koch).MethodsGenetic diversity and differentiation indices were calculated from >1,000 nuclear SNP loci genotyped in ca. 180 individuals per species sampled across ENA. Genetic structure was investigated using principle component analysis and genetic clustering algorithms. As an additional tool for inference, areas of suitable habitat during the LGM were predicted using species distribution models (SDMs).ResultsPopulations across all latitudes showed similar levels of genetic diversity. Most genetic variation was weakly differentiated across ENA, with the exception of an outlier population of Carya ovata in Texas. Genetic structure in each species exhibited an isolation-by-distance pattern. SDMs predicted high LGM habitat suitability over much of the southeastern United States.Main conclusionsBoth hickory species likely survived the LGM in a large region of continuous habitat and recolonized northern areas in a single expanding front that encountered few migration barriers. More complex scenarios, such as forest refugia, need not be invoked to explain genetic structure. The genetically distinct Texas population of Carya ovata could represent a separate glacial refugium, but other explanations are possible. Relative to that of other temperate forest regions, the phylogeographic history of ENA may have been exceptionally simple, involving a northward range shift but without well defined refugia.

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