TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING LIQUID EXTRACT FROM THE PLANTS OF RHUS (RHUS TYPHINA L)

В данной статье предусмотрен технология получения жидкого экстракта из растений сумаха пушистого (rhus typhina l.). Для получения жидкого экстракта в качестве экстрагента использовали 70% этиловый спирт. В качестве эффективного и оптимального метода был использован метод перколяции. This article provides a technology for producing a liquid extract from the plants of rhus (rhus typhina l). To obtain a liquid extract, 70% ethyl alcohol was used as an extractant. The percolation method was used as an effective and optimal method.

Dendrocenosis of the Bila Tserkva national agricultural university main building courtyard: diversity, age and condition

The paper reveals the results of taxonomic assessment, phytosanitary monitoring and general condition of the dendrocenosis the BNAU main building the courtyard. It is established that the age structure of plantations ranges from 10 to 80 years, with 60 years old plants to make 12 %. The group of woody plants aged from 41 to 50 years is most numerous (33 % of the total number of trees); the larges number of shrubs ages 16–20 years (6 %). The structure of the dendrocenosis of the courtyard is formed by species of woody plants, the share of their participation ranges from 5.8 to 15 % of the total number of trees: Aesculus hippocastanum L. (15 %), Acer platanoides (9.2 %), Catalpa bignonioides Walt. (7.5 %), Populus tremula L. (6.7 %), Juglans cinerea L. (6.7 %), Ulmus glabra Huds. (6.7 %), Tilia platyphyllos Scop. (5.8 %). According to the life forms of plants, the dendrocenosis is represented by trees (81.7 %) and shrubs (183.%). The taxonomic assessment of the dendrocenosis reveals that that 120 specimens of shrubs are represented by 27 species, grouped into 23 genera of 17 families of 12 orders of 2 divisions. Magnoliophyta predominates in terms of species diversity, which is represented by 24 species from 20 genera of 16 families of 11 orders. According to the number of specimens represented by families, they can be ranked as follows: Sapindaceae Juss. > Juglandaceae DC. ex Perleb> Malvaceae Juss. > Bignoniaceae Juss. > Ulmaceae Mirb. > Salicaceae Mirb. > Oleaceae Hoffmanns. & Link> Anacardiaceae R.Br. > Fabaceae Juss. > Adoxaceae E.Mey. > Paeoniaceae Raf. According to the number of woody plants, the relative living condition of the dendrocenosis is 75 %, which characterizes the weakened condition of the stand of the BNAU main building courtyard. The best living condition was observed in 46 % of the species stand such as Picea abies L., Pinus sylvestris L., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Fraxinus excelsior L., Styphnolobium japonicum L., Carpinus betulus L., Rhus typhina L., Acer negundo L., Tilia cordata Mill. Under the influence of various biotic and abiotic factors, 26 % of shrubs are in a weakened state, 17 % are severely weakened, 11 % are withered. Key words: dendrocenosis, tree-shrub vegetation, species, genus, family, living condition.

Особливості природного заростання техногенних екотопів на відвалах розкривних порід Новотроїцького родовища флюсової сировини

На прикладі техногенних екотопів приватного акціонерного товариства «Новотроїцьке рудоуправління» (ПАТ «Новотроїцьке РУ») Донецької області досліджено особливості процесу природного заростання відвалів розкривних порід деревно-чагарниковою рослинністю. Виявлено закономірності процесів сильватизації (природного заростання), охарактеризовано їхній перебіг і перелік видів, які здатні до саморозселення в умовах територій, порушених гірничовидобувною промисловістю. Таксономічний список нараховує понад 40 видів аборигенної й інтродукованої флори, серед яких найпоширенішими є робінія звичайна (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), маслинка вузьколиста (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.), абрикос звичайний (Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.), клен ясенелистий (Acer negundo L.), вишня магалебська (Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill.), терен (Prunus spinosa L)., оцтове дерево (Rhus typhina L.), свидина кров’яна (Swida sangunea (L.) Opiz), скумпія звичайна (Соtinus coggygria Scop.), шипшина собача (Rosa canina L.), дереза звичайна (Lycium barbarum L.), жимолость татарська (Lonicera tatarica L.). Ключові слова: рекультивація, природне заростання, деревна рослинність, чагарникова рослинність.

Optimization and Characterization of Novel and Non-Edible Seed Oil Sources for Biodiesel Production

Biodiesel mainly comes from edible oil, and there is little research on its yield from non-edible sources with low-cost oil. It is paramount to investigate the non-edible oil resources which may lead to advance the commercial feasibility of biodiesel and cost effectiveness as well as resolve the food issues. This chapter describes four novel non-edible seed oil sources comprising Koelreuteria paniculata, Rhus typhina, Acacia farnesiana and Albizzia julibrissin for biodiesel production. We aimed to optimize different reaction parameters for oil extraction, alkali-catalyzed transesterification process for maximal biodiesel production and finally evaluate its compatibility with mineral diesel. The optimization factors in transesterification included the molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction time, stirring intensity, catalyst concentration and temperature. Two methods have been described including Soxhlet and mechanical for extraction of seed oil. The synthesized esters were evaluated and characterized through the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR; 1H and 13C), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the total conversion of crude oil to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were established. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Elemental Analyzer (EA) were used for evaluation of elemental concentration. The physico-chemical characterizations of the biodiesel, i.e., flash point, pour point, cloud point, and density were within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM; D6751) and European Standards ((EN14214). Koelreuteria paniculata produced highest biodiesel oil content by Soxhlet extraction (28–30%) followed by the Albizzia julibrissin (19–24%), Acacia farnesiana (23%), Rhus typhina (20–22%). The density ranged from 0.83–0.87 @ 15°C (g/cm3) and the kinematic viscosity ranged from 3.75–6.3 (mm2/s) among all the plant sources. Koelreuteria paniculata had highest Na (5456.2), Cr (1246.8), Ni (658.36), and Al (346.87) elemental concentrations (μg/g) than other plant sources. The elemental percent of C, H, N, and O of biodiesel ranged from 72.54–76.86, 11.25–13.34, 1.97–2.73, and 9.86–12, respectively. In conclusion, these non-edible plant seeds offer a cheap source of renewable energy and can be easily grown on barren and wastelands and contribute to efficient biodiesel production to mitigate the energy crisis.

Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac).

A datasheet on Rhus typhina covering, as an economically important tree, its taxonomy, importance, silviculture, distribution, biology and ecology, uses, products and pests.

First report of white rot of wood sumac in the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS caused by Schizophyllum commune

White rot of staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina f. laciniata) wood in the collection of Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS caused by Schizophyllum commune is discussed.