Up From Slavery: Afro-Brazilian Activism in São Paulo, 1888-1938

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim D. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Simple Result ◽  
Racial Relations ◽  
First Republic ◽  
Oppressed Group ◽  
The Caribbean

Throughout the centuries of slavery in the Americas and the Caribbean, Africans and their descendants struggled against a social system that sought to reduce them to chattel. They found that their struggle was to continue, albeit in different forms, long after abolition. In Brazil, emancipation in 1888 was followed the next year by the demise of imperial government and the installation of the First Republic. This created a new political and legal framework for Afro-Brazilians to negotiate positions in society. Racial relations in former slave societies are not the simple result of imposed identities and social spaces by a dominant group upon an oppressed group. They evolve from a dialectical power struggle in which blacks as well as whites affect the outcome.

Wider Caribbean Region—A Pivotal Time to Strengthen Regional Instruments For Biodiversity Conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lausche
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

AbstractThe countries of the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) are linked economically by their transboundary living marine resources. The region is facing a continued decline of these resources. Science is improving our understanding of the human contributions to this decline, but national policies and programmes have not kept pace with this understanding. The Caribbean Regional Seas Programme and its Cartagena Convention and Protocols provide the regional legal framework for protection and sustainable management of the WCR's living marine and coastal resources. This article focuses on the Cartagena Convention's Protocol for biodiversity conservation, the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW), arguing that governments and organizations need to significantly increase participation in this regional treaty regime to effectively address transboundary environmental challenges. A new initiative, the Global Environment Facility-supported Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem project, will help in this effort. International policy supports strengthened regional seas programmes. It is now imperative for all levels and sectors to assist governments in strengthening this important treaty regime for biodiversity conservation in the Wider Caribbean Region.

USE and abuse of official statistics in Latin America: The case of Argentina

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Victor A. Beker
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
World War ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
The Caribbean

In line with the Fundamental Principals of Official Statistics to produce valid and reliable statistics Governments need to provide the legal framework and resources to the statistical system to allow statisticians to produce the required statistics, without interference, using the best available methodology and techniques from the most suited sources of information. In Latin America and the Caribbean the colonial past affected and still affects the production of statistics. During the Colonial period statistics were of limited scope and use, mostly serving the interests of the Colonial powers. After independence in Latin America statistics became an instrument for development only after World War II, while in the Caribbean the newly independent nations had to adjust the Colonial system to national souvereignity. Conflicts between statistical independence and administrative desire and convenience did occur. Occasionally statisticians were under pressure to modify results to serve administrative or political purposes. An extreme case of Government interference with statistical activities is the case of Argentine since 2007. The gross manipulation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) that began at that time was aimed at concealing the rise in inflation which took place at the beginning of that year. Statisticians in the National Statistical Office who refused to be part of the forgery were demoted, and dismissed while others resigned. The alteration of the CPI severely affected other statistical indices. Private consultants and researchers were subject to criminal prosecutions and punished with hefty fines for the “crime” of publishing their own price estimates. Although in most cases the judicial system acquitted them, this happened some years later, and currently there are still researchers awaiting the final judgement. In spite of the reaction by public opinion and the world statistical community nothing changed substantially until now. The paper concludes with some recommendations to safeguard the integrity of statistics inspired by this sad experience.

New Regulation Vectors — “Alternative” Right?

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
YUriy Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Obligations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Law Making

Manifestations of crisis in Russia and other courtiers stimulate the effective use of law resources. Complicated processes in legal sphere encourage exploration of their tendencies and new vectors. Acknowledgement of the supremacy of law is not accompanied by a single-line trend of ensuring its actual high role in the society, one can observe phenomena of lawlessness and legal nihilism. That is why it is important to search for new aspects of legal regulation, among other things, by means of using alternative social regulators. In particular, we mean other alternative social norms that do not contradict the law, including non-state sources of law-making and self-regulation. Such phenomena can be observed both in the national law and in the sphere of international legal regulation where new forms of international obligations and self-commitments of states are successfully applied along with the traditional contract forms. Tangling of the abovementioned vectors is weakened by the tendency to power struggle with the law, when violence breaks down the legal framework foundations. That is why values, principles and fair legal rules enrich the social potential of the law.

scholarly journals "MULHERES TREMENDAS": A VIOLÊNCIA FEMININA NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1889-1930) * “TREMENDOUS WOMEN”: THE FEMALE VIOLENCE IN RIO GRANDE DO SUL (1889-1930)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Carla Da Silva Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Female Violence ◽  
First Republic

O presente artigo pretende explorar processos-crime da Fronteira Oeste do Rio Grande do Sul durante a Primeira República (1889-1930) em que mulheres agrediram outras mulheres, seus amásios ou ex-amásios.  Pretende-se analisar de que forma estas manifestações são consideradas apropriadas ou não pela sociedade, bem como os motivadores de sua hostilidade física e/ou verbal. Através do enquadramento legal destas ocorrências, dos termos utilizados nos documentos e nos depoimentos dos envolvidos, pretende-se demonstrar como a investigação da violência feminina requer o questionamento não apenas do conceito de violência, mas dos papéis atrelados aos gêneros nas sociedades.*The present paper intends to explore six criminal processes of the Frontier of Rio Grande do Sul during the First Republic (1889-1930) in which women attacked other women, their lovers, exlovers and police officers. The intention is to analyze how these manifestations are considered appropriate or not by society, as well as the motivators of their physical or verbal hostility. Through the legal framework of these occurrences, the terms used in the documents and statements of those involved; we aim to demonstrate how the investigation of female violence requires the questioning not only of the concept of violence but of gender roles in societies.

scholarly journals Tobacco and the Social Life of Conquest in London, 1580–1625

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Lauren Working
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Social Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ritual Practices

Abstract From its origins in the Chesapeake and the Caribbean to its transformation into smoke in a Jacobean chamber, tobacco entered drastically new contexts of use as it travelled from Indigenous America to the social spaces of early seventeenth-century London. This article draws on comparative anthropology and archaeology to explore how early colonization, particularly in Jamestown, influenced the development of smoking among the English political elite. This offers a case study into the ways in which Indigenous commodities and knowledge were integrated into English ritual practices of their own; it also reveals the deliberate choices made by the English to set themselves apart from those they sought to colonize. Placing the material practices and wit poetry of gentlemen within the geopolitics of colonialism raises attention to the acts of erasure or dispossession that accompanied the incorporation of tobacco into urban sociability. Here, the practices of Indigenous peoples were modified and altered, and the pleasures of plantation were expressed as an intoxication as potent as the plant itself.

The Caribbean and the Medical Imagination, 1764–1834

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Senior
Keyword(s):  
The Caribbean

A Concise History of the Caribbean

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Higman
Keyword(s):  
History Of ◽  
The Caribbean

Individuum und Gesellschaft: Das soziale system in der Krise (Individual and Society: The Social System During a Crisis).

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-56
Author(s):  
FRANK WESLEY
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
The Social

Delusions in the Caribbean

1963 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
WALTER MISCHEL
Keyword(s):  
The Caribbean
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