School Consolidation in Sparsely Populated Rural Areas: A Separable Programming Approach

1975 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Holland ◽  
John L. Baritelle
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Consolidation ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Separable Programming

scholarly journals A game-theoretic optimisation approach to fair customer allocation in oligopolies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1459-1486
Author(s):  
Vassilis M. Charitopoulos ◽  
Vivek Dua ◽  
Jose M. Pinto ◽  
Lazaros G. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Integer Program ◽  
Linear Constraints ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Mixed Integer Program ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Separable Programming ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Game Theoretic

Abstract Under the ever-increasing capital intensive environment that contemporary process industries face, oligopolies begin to form in mature markets where a small number of companies regulate and serve the customer base. Strategic and operational decisions are highly dependent on the firms’ customer portfolio and conventional modelling approaches neglect the rational behaviour of the decision makers, with regards to the problem of customer allocation, by assuming either static competition or a leader-follower structure. In this article, we address the fair customer allocation within oligopolies by employing the Nash bargaining approach. The overall problem is formulated as mixed integer program with linear constraints and a nonlinear objective function which is further linearised following a separable programming approach. Case studies from the industrial liquid market highlight the importance and benefits of the proposed game theoretic approach.

High School Size and Student Indiscipline: Another Aspect of the School Consolidation Issue?

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil J. Haller
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
School Consolidation ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Rural High Schools ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Large Schools ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

School consolidation is again an issue in rural areas. Traditionally, such controversies have turned on criteria of equity and efficiency: Large schools are alleged to be more equitable and more efficient than small ones. However, the research on both criteria is exceedingly ambiguous; neither goal seems to be routinely served by making small rural schools larger. This article investigates another possible criterion for judging the desirability of creating larger schools, student indiscipline. Both theory and evidence suggest that large schools are more disorderly than small ones. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high schools, this study suggests that creating larger institutions will increase student misbehavior. However, the increase experienced by small rural high schools—those most at risk of consolidation—will border the trivial. Thus, indiscipline provides no less ambiguous a criterion for deciding consolidation issues than does equity or efficiency. Arguably, when “technical” criteria provide no clear guidelines for an important public policy decision, citizen preferences should be determinative.

scholarly journals Factories: Getting Rid Of Learning

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Jackson ◽  
Laura Gaudet
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
School Consolidation ◽  
Teacher Qualifications ◽  
Educational Programming ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Educational Debate ◽  
Nclb Act

The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has been the main focus of educational debate since we entered the 21st Century. It has left educators in dispute about the reasonableness of federally-ordered reforms and the necessity for holding all students to the same academic standards. The 2001 legislation expanded the federal government’s role in public education and required greater school accountability and teacher qualifications with little concern for mandate funding. The NCLB requirements have resulted in larger public schools and rural school consolidation. This development has placed unnecessary burden on public schools and has forced many districts to eliminate educational programming. This article will discuss the ramifications of NCLB in public school settings, as well as the specific problems of schools in rural areas.

scholarly journals Solid Waste Management for Rural Areas – A Quadratic Programming Approach

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-119
Author(s):  
Robert D. Perlack ◽  
Cleve E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
Year 2000

The expanding volume of solid wastes generated in the United States, with its accompanying health hazards and pollution dangers, has led to concern among public agencies and private citizens alike. It has been estimated by, for example, that the combined effect of increasing population and increasing per capita consumption in the United States has been an increase from 70 million to 175 million tons of solid waste generated annually during the period 1940 to 1970. In Massachusetts, an estimated 7.5 million tons of non-agricultural wastes were generated in 1970, and this volume is projected by to double by the year 2000. Nationally, public expenditures for solid waste collection and disposal services for most communities are exceeded only by spending on the two categories of education and roads.

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