Flower Selection and the Dynamics of Lipid Reserve in Two Nectarivorous Butterflies

Seed of the American highbush cranberry, Viburnum trilobum Marsh., kept at germinative conditions of 20 °C, required 328 days to reach 92% germination. Initially, about one-half the seed germinated within 120 days. After a 120-day lag, the balance germinated. Afterripening, with as little as one cycle of alternating temperature (1 week at 20 °C and 1 week at 2 °C) shortened the time to total germination by [Formula: see text] months. The inductive effect of afterripening was studied in relation to utilization of the high lipid reserve present in the endosperm. No appreciable changes in polar and non-polar lipids occurred during prolonged exposure to either afterripening or germinative conditions, indicating that afterripening is not associated with lipid degradation. Gibberellic acid (GA3) had little effect on seed germination but successfully overcame epicotyl dormancy of the seedling.

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Isolation and Characterization of the Lipid Reserve Bodies, Spherosomes, from Layers of Wheat

Botanical Gazette ◽

10.1086/336908 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 138 (2) ◽

pp. 138-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Carole L. Jelsema ◽

D. James Morré ◽

Manfred Ruddat ◽

Chris Turner

Keyword(s):

Lipid Reserve ◽

Isolation And Characterization

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Optimal Foraging: On Flower Selection by Bees

The American Naturalist ◽

10.1086/283467 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 114 (2) ◽

pp. 179-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 138

Author(s):

Keith D. Waddington ◽

Larry R. Holden

Keyword(s):

Optimal Foraging ◽

Flower Selection

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Seasonal variations in biochemical composition during the reproductive cycle of the intertidal gastropod Thais lamellosa Gmelin (Gastropoda, Prosobranchia)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z74-038 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 305-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Philip Lambert ◽

Paul A. Dehnel

Keyword(s):

Digestive Gland ◽

Reproductive Cycle ◽

Seasonal Variations ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Lipid Reserve ◽

Low Level ◽

Biochemical Constituents ◽

Histological Sections ◽

Intertidal Gastropod

Seasonal variations in biochemical constituents of Thais lamellosa Gmelin in relation to the reproductive cycle were studied. Digestive gland, foot muscle, and gonad were analyzed for protein, glycogen, lipid, and ash for 1 year. Data on feeding and gamete maturation were obtained from histological sections of digestive gland and gonad. Major periods of feeding activity occurred in April and August. The spawning peak was in March and gametogenesis began in July. Maximum glycogen levels coincided with major feeding periods but reserves in the digestive gland were mainly lipid. This lipid reserve was used during the winter. Glycogen was at a relatively low level in all tissues and appeared to be used by the developing gonad. The foot muscle stored neither lipid nor glycogen to any appreciable extern.During winter the digestive gland index decreased as reserves were used. The ovary index held constant from October to February then dropped sharply with spawning. Animals kept for the same period under artificial summer conditions showed no decrease in the digestive gland index, but a decrease in the ovary index. Few oogonia reached maturity and many were resorbed. Starved animals used more protein from the ovary than fed animals.

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Is flower selection influenced by chemical imprinting to larval food provisions in the generalist bee Osmia bicornis (Megachilidae)?

Apidologie ◽

10.1007/s13592-012-0144-y ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 698-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Heidi E. M. Dobson ◽

Manfred Ayasse ◽

Katherine A. O’Neal ◽

Jesse A. Jacka

Keyword(s):

Larval Food ◽

Osmia Bicornis ◽

Flower Selection

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On farm heliconia cut flower selection in Pernambuco – Brazil

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2015.1104.65 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 455-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Loges ◽

M.C.F. Texeira ◽

S.S.L. Silva ◽

P.G.P. Lago ◽

S.Á.C.G. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cut Flower ◽

On Farm ◽

Flower Selection

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Alfalfa Flower Aroma and Flower Selection by Honey Bees 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1970.0011183x001000010026x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 66-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. M. Loper ◽

G. D. Waller

Keyword(s):

Honey Bees ◽

Flower Selection

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Ultrastructure of the infection of spruce budworm larvae by the fungus Entomophaga aulicae

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-232 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 1694-1706 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Faye Murrin ◽

Richard A. Nolan

Keyword(s):

Spruce Budworm ◽

Body Cavity ◽

Protoplast Formation ◽

Storage Material ◽

Larval Body ◽

Lipid Reserve ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Hyphal Bodies ◽

Infection Hypha

The infection of spruce budworm larvae by the fungus Entomophaga aulicae was studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Exposure of the larvae to conidia resulted in the death of the host and the production of a crop of infective conidia within 5 to 6 days. Germinating conidia produced appressoria prior to penetration of the larval cuticle. Nuclei in appressoria were larger and contained less heavily condensed chromatin than nuclei in other stages of fungal development. Attachment and infection were characterized by distinct changes in the wall layers of the fungus. An infection hypha grew through the insect tissues directly into the hemocoel where discontinuities were observed in the wall layers at the apex of the infection hypha. These discontinuities are probably associated with protoplast formation in vivo. Protoplasts with polysaccharide and lipid storage material were present in the hemolymph of larvae 3 days after exposure to conidia. Thick-walled hyphal bodies with abundant lipid reserve filled the larval body cavity by the 5th day. Hyphal bodies germinated to produce unbranched, aseptate conidiophores which emerged through the host cuticle prior to conidiogenesis.

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