Social Security in the United States: An Appraisal of the Social Security Act.

1936 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Howard E. Jensen ◽  
Paul H. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act

Michigan Court Enjoins Statute Limiting Abortions Covered by Medicaid

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-75
Author(s):  
A.S.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Medicaid Program ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Federal Appropriations

In Planned Parenthood Affiliates of Michigan v. Engler (73 F.3d 634 (6th Cir. 1996)), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that § 400.109(a) of the Social Welfare Act of Michigan (Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 400.109(a) (1994)) impermissibly conflicts with the Medicaid Act (Social Security Act tit. XIX, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396 et seq. (1988)) as modified by the 1994 Hyde Amendment (Pub. L. No. 103-112, § 509, 107 Stat. 1082-1113 (1994)), insofar as the § 400.109(a) only provides state funding for abortions necessary to save the life of a mother, and not for abortions resulting from rape or incest. The court held that the Hyde Amendment defines medically necessary abortions that must be funded by states participating in the federal Medicaid program, and that the amendment is not merely a federal appropriations bill.

scholarly journals The Health Insurance Exchange: An Oligopolistic Market In Need Of Reform

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Wali I. Mondal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Affordable Care Act ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Universal Healthcare ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act

<p>Until the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act commonly known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was signed into law in March 2010, United States was the only industrialized rich country in the world without a universal healthcare insurance coverage. While pioneering works by Burns (1956, 1966) focused on the Social Security Act of 1935 in addressing the health insurance needs of U.S. retired population through Medicare, and later Medicaid was created by the Social Security Amendments of 1965, U.S. health insurance has remained a private, for-profit venture. The passage of ACA was one of the most contentious legislations of modern times. Soon after it was signed into law, various groups of private citizens and a number of States challenged some provisions of the ACA; however, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld its key provisions. A segment of the Congress remains opposed to the ACA on ideological ground and continues to challenge it with a variety of legal maneuvers. Notwithstanding the political or ideological arguments for or against the ACA, the objective of this paper is to analyze the competitiveness of the health insurance marketplace which opened on October 1, 2013. In doing so, the paper will address the structure of the health insurance exchange and suggest ways and means to make it more competitive.</p>

Health Planning in the United States: Some Categorical and General Approaches

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
H. E. Hilleboe ◽  
A. Barkhuus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Security ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Planning Concepts

It is rather amazing that in 1971, the United States does not have a comprehensive health policy or national health plan. Our advanced science and technology have not taken root on a broad basis in the health field. Yet categorical planning has been done in several fields of health ever since the enactment of the Social Security Act in 1935. Planning was initiated in the fields of maternal and child health and crippled children by the federal Children's Bureau. This article gives some examples of both categorical and general approaches to health planning, how they came into being, and what planning concepts and processes were developed and used. These examples may be of some value to planners who have to employ categorical approaches—largely pragmatic—pending the time that comprehensive national health planning becomes feasible. The categorical areas chosen for discussion are: (a) health facilities, (b) heart, cancer, stroke, and kidney disease (Regional Medical Programs), (c) mental health, and (d) American Indian health. The general area includes comprehensive health planning. Following the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935, personal and environmental health services have been fragmented into a number of pieces. In 1971, utter confusion reigns in the federal and state structure and functions of health. Hopefully, the Congress may soon realize that a national system of health services is essential to provide 205 million people with the quality and distribution of services—without financial barriers—that $70 billion dollars a year should buy. Certainly the experiences gained with the categorical approaches to health planning can be of value to governmental leaders and their advisers as they prepare comprehensive health policies and national health plans for the 1970s.

Gender and the Origins of Modern Social Policies in Britain and the United States

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theda Skocpol ◽  
Gretchen Ritter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Working Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Modern Welfare State

Comparative research on the origins of modern welfare states typically asks why certain European nations, including Great Britain, enacted pensions and social insurance between the 1880s and the 1920s, while the United States “lagged behind,” that is did not establish such policies for the entire nation until the Social Security Act of 1935. To put the question this way overlooks the social policies that were distinctive to the early twentieth-century United States. During the period when major European nations, including Britain, were launching paternalist versions of the modern welfare state, the United States was tentatively experimenting with what might be called a maternalist welfare state. In Britain, male bureaucrats and party leaders designed policies “for the good” of male wage-workers and their dependents. Meanwhile, in the United States, early social policies were championed by elite and middle-class women “for the good” of less privileged women. Adult American women were helped as mothers, or as working women who deserved special protection because they were potential mothers.

Planning for the optimal mix of paygo tax and funded savings

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGES DE MENIL ◽  
FABRICE MURTIN ◽  
EYTAN SHESHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Us ◽  
Optimal Mix ◽  
The Uk

We analyze the optimal balance between social security taxation and private saving in the provision of retirement income in dynamically efficient economies, a question at the center of policy debates in Europe and the United States. We consider the relative importance for this question of the return to capital, the internal return of the pay-as-you-go system, and the variabilities and correlation (or independence) of labor earnings and the capital return. We analyse these influences theoretically in the context of a two-period, overlapping generations model with uncertainty. We use a new method to calibrate the model using annual data on GDP per worker and the total real return on equities, from 1950 to 2002, from which we infer the stochastic characteristics of lifetime labor income and the return to lifetime savings in the US, UK, France and Japan. We obtain a range of optimal, steady-state values of the social security tax and the rate of lifetime savings. When the relative rate of risk aversion is assumed to be 2.5, the computed optimal tax varies from 5% in the United States to 22% in Japan. France is similar to Japan, and the UK is in between.

Closing the Door to Destitution: The Shaping of the Social Security Acts of the United States and New Zealand.

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
W. Andrew Achenbaum ◽  
Raymond Richards
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Social
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