Pollen Transfer by Natural Hybrids and Parental Species in an Ipomopsis Hybrid Zone

The utilization of elm leaf flavonoids as biochemical markers for the identification of artificial and natural hybrids of elm species is discussed. Two to 11 individuals from controlled crosses of Ulmuscarpinifolia Gled., Ulmuspumila L., Ulmusparvifolia Jacq., and Ulmusjaponica (R.) Sarg. were examined. Five to seven individuals from each parental species, and a number of putative hybrids between U. carpinifolia and U. pumila that naturally occur in central and northern Italy, were also examined. Quantitative data on leaf flavonoid glycosides were obtained by means of high-performance thin layer chromatography and examined by multivariate discriminant analysis. The results show that it is possible to identify the hybrid obtained between these species even if the parents are unknown, provided a number of individuals of the parental species are examined; therefore, it is also possible to certify putative hybrids. The higher variability of the flavonoid glycoside data of U. carpinifolia and U. pumila and the probable presence of F2 generation individuals make the certification of natural hybrids between these two species in some cases difficult or even impossible.

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Hybridization and hybrid zone stability between two lizards explained by population genetics and niche quantification

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 190 (2) ◽

pp. 757-769

Author(s):

Imanol Cabaña ◽

Margarita Chiaraviglio ◽

Valeria Di Cola ◽

Antoine Guisan ◽

Olivier Broennimann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Zone ◽

Parental Species ◽

Niche Overlap ◽

Analysis Framework ◽

Nuclear Marker ◽

Lizard Species ◽

New Models ◽

Species Evolution ◽

Main Factors ◽

The Stability

Abstract Understanding the factors that affect hybridization is an important issue in the study of species evolution. In this work, we analyse the genetic structure of two lizard species, Salvator merianae and Salvator rufescens, at a microscale within a climatic niche analysis framework, to reveal the main factors that contribute to the stability of their hybrid zone. We assess the effect of climate in hybridization by quantifying and decomposing the niche overlap of both species. Using a mitochondrial and a nuclear marker, we find that hybridization is frequent and is not restricted to the sympatric region. The gene flow is mainly from S. rufescens to S. merianae, with introgression into the range of S. merianae. Also, S. merianae would have long been present in the area, while S. rufescens appears to be a recent colonizer. The climate contributes to the population structure of S. merianae, but not to that of S. rufescens. The niches occupied by S. rufescens in the hybrid zone and the non-hybrid zone are similar, while the niches of S. merianae are different. Our results do not fit previous models of hybrid zone stability, suggesting the need to develop new models that consider the evolutionary factors that can differentially affect parental species and hybrids.

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Influence of Niche Overlap and Territoriality on Hybridization Between Hermit Warblers and Townsend's Warblers

The Auk ◽

10.1093/auk/117.1.175 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 175-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott F. Pearson ◽

David A. Manuwal

Keyword(s):

Habitat Use ◽

Hybrid Zone ◽

Parental Species ◽

Niche Overlap ◽

Habitat Characteristics ◽

Hybrid Zones ◽

Parental Fitness ◽

Habitat Transition ◽

Habitat Variables ◽

Washington Cascades

Abstract Hybrid zones between Townsend's Warblers (Dendroica townsendi) and Hermit Warblers (D. occidentalis) in the Pacific Northwest are narrow relative to estimated dispersal distances and appear to be moving, with Townsend's replacing Hermits. We examined whether the habitat-transition and parental-fitness asymmetry models can explain why these zones are narrow and moving by comparing habitat variables associated with warbler territories in the Washington Cascades hybrid zone. Habitat variables did not differ among phenotypes, suggesting that the habitat-transition model cannot explain the narrow and dynamic nature of this hybrid zone. Habitat characteristics of Hermit Warbler territories did not differ inside versus outside the hybrid zone, also suggesting that this zone is not associated with a region of habitat transition. The lack of difference in habitat use could be the result of comparing variables that are not important to pairing success. However, warblers tended to select territories on west-southwest aspects. South aspects in the southern Washington Cascades are dominated by Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and true fir, which is a habitat selected by female warblers when choosing among territories and males. The parental-fitness asymmetry model does not necessarily make predictions about habitat use within the hybrid zone but predicts the superiority of one parental species over the other. However, if significant overlap occurs in habitat use or niche (as in these warblers), then competition between parental species is likely to occur. To determine whether these species compete, we mapped 12 warbler territories and monitored an additional 94 territories throughout the breeding season and found that all males with neighbors compete for and hold exclusive territories. Thus, the pattern of habitat use and territoriality is consistent with the parental-fitness asymmetry model.

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On the Romanian endemic species of Salvia (Lamiaceae) and its natural hybrids: nomenclatural and taxonomic aspects

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.434.3.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 434 (3) ◽

pp. 270-280

Author(s):

VIKTOR O. NACHYCHKO ◽

YEVHEN V. SOSNOVSKY

Keyword(s):

Endemic Species ◽

Parental Species ◽

Natural Habitats ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Natural Hybrids ◽

Southern Carpathians

Salvia transsylvanica is regarded to be endemic to the Transylvanian Basin, Eastern and Southern Carpathians in Romania. In natural habitats, it easily intercrosses with other sage species, such as S. nemorosa, S. nutans, and S. pratensis, with the hybrids described as nothospecies S. ×hybrida, S. ×telekiana, and S. ×bichigeanii, respectively. One specimen from GOET is designated here as a lectotype of S. pratensis var. transsylvanica, the basionym of S. transsylvanica. In addition, three specimens from LW, BP, and BUCA are designated as the lectotypes for hybrid names. Main diagnostic features of S. transsylvanica, its hybrids, and respective second parental species are compared and discussed.

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Floral scent in natural hybrids of Ipomopsis (Polemoniaceae) and their parental species

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1093/aob/mct279 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 533-544 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mascha Bischoff ◽

Andreas Jürgens ◽

Diane R. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Floral Scent ◽

Natural Hybrids

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NATURAL HYBRIDS BETWEEN Manihot reptans Pax AND M. alutacea Rogers & Appan

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps84-062 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 423-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

NAGIB M. A. NASSAR

Keyword(s):

Parental Species ◽

Sympatric Distribution ◽

Natural Hybrids ◽

Disturbed Habitats

Natural hybrids between M. reptans and M. alutacea in Goias state, Brazil are described. Hybridization occurred in disturbed habitats where there is a sympatric distribution of the parental species. There is evidence for progressive introgression of germplasm into M. reptans.Key words: Wild cassava, Manihot reptans, natural hybrids, introgression, M. alutacea

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Morphometric variation in a hybrid zone between the weed, Silene vulgaris, and the endemic, Silene uniflora ssp. petraea (Caryophyllaceae), on the Baltic island of Öland

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b00-113 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

pp. 1384-1397 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Helena Runyeon-Lager ◽

Honor C Prentice

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Zone ◽

Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽

Parental Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Silene Vulgaris ◽

Disturbance History ◽

Morphometric Variation ◽

Transient Nature ◽

The Baltic ◽

Habitat Separation

On the island of Öland the weed, Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, and the endemic, Silene uniflora Roth ssp. petraea, hybridize when brought into contact by anthropogenic disturbance. Variation was studied in transects across a hybrid zone where a linear population of S. vulgaris crossed the native habitat of S. uniflora ssp. petraea. Plants were scored for 20 morphological characters. Although individual characters showed clinal trends between weed and endemic, all plants were assignable to one or other parental species. Only 14% of the 554 scored plants showed intermediacy in one or a few characters, and ordinations showed two separate groups of samples. The low number of intermediates is discussed in terms of character choice, habitat separation, disturbance history, and reproductive ecology. The results of the study are consistent with the earlier observation that the species have remained morphologically distinct on Öland, despite evidence of sparse introgression of allozymes from weed to endemic. Disturbance is necessary not only for the creation of intermediate (hybrid) habitats but also for the establishment of the weedy parent. The transient nature of S. vulgaris populations is likely to be important in limiting introgression into S. uniflora ssp. petraea under the present disturbance regime.Key words: genetic assimilation, hierarchical partitioning of diversity, habitat disturbance, introgression, rare species, clines.

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Contributions towards a revision of Daviesia Smith (Fabaceae: Mirbelieae). II.* The D. Latifolia group

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb9910229 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MD Crisp

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Hybrid Zone ◽

Species Complex ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Natural Hybrids ◽

One New Species

The Daviesia latifolia group, consisting of 16 species from eastern and southern Australia with horizontally flattened, non-pungent phyllodes, more or less united upper calyx-lobes and confluent anther-cells, is revised. Multivariate analysis (ordination and classification) of morphometric data is used to resolve the D. mimosoides/buxifolia species complex. As a result. one new species, D. elliptica, is segregated from D. buxifolia, and a new montane subspecies (acris) is recognised within D. mimosoides. Relationships of all taxa in the D. latifolia group are studied using cladistic analysis. A cline linking D. leptophylla with D. mimosoides through a hybrid zone is described from the Tinderry Mountains near Canberra. Daviesia elliptica, D. laevis, D. mimosoides subsp. acris, D. newbeyi, D. pauciflora and D. suaveolens are described as new, and D. mimosoides var. laifiora is raised to species rank. Twelve natural hybrids are briefly described.* Part I, Aust . Syst . Bot., 1990, 3, 241–51.

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Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt03016 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 429 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

R. C. Barbour ◽

B. M. Potts ◽

R. E. Vaillancourt

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Native Species ◽

Parental Species ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Eucalyptus Species ◽

Eucalyptus Nitens ◽

Natural Hybrids ◽

In The Wild ◽

Long Term Impact

F1 hybrids between exotic Eucalyptus nitens plantations and native E. ovata have previously been reported among seedlings grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata, on the island of Tasmania. Such exotic hybrid seedlings have now been found in the wild adjacent to plantations at three locations. The proportion of exotic hybrids in open-pollinated seed collected from nearby mature E. ovata was 5.5%. This level compares with only 0.4% for natural hybrids between native species at these sites (E. ovata, E. viminalis and E.�rodwayi). Detection of hybrids was initially based on their deviant morphology, which was generally intermediate between parental species. This subjective classification was then successfully verified by morphometric and allozyme analyses. Pure E. nitens seedlings (wildlings) were restricted to within 30 m of these plantations, whereas established hybrids were found up to 310 m from the plantations. This pattern of establishment reflects dispersal of exotic seed and pollen respectively. It is likely that the recent expansion of the eucalypt plantation estate in Australia will cause an increase in the frequency of exotic hybrids. However, the long-term impact of such hybridisation is yet to be assessed.

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