Colonial trade and international exchange: the transition from autarky to international trade

1989 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-710
Author(s):  
Meghnad Desai
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Exchange

The Doctrine of the Providential Function of Commerce in International Law

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana M. Porras
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Religious Sensibility ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Francisco De Vitoria ◽  
Internal Effect

This chapter explores the doctrine of the providential function of commerce in the work of Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1492–1546), Alberico Gentili (1552–1608), and Hugo Grotius (1583–1645). In this chapter, I argue that the doctrine’s persuasive power lies in the interplay between two factors. First is the fact that while the doctrine is not in origin a religious doctrine, its elements and its narrative logic carried an unmistakable religious sensibility that became indissolubly associated with international trade. But the doctrine’s true efficacy lies in a more subtle internal effect. In essence, the doctrine, which holds at its core an act of exchange among distant peoples, allowed its adherents to idealize international trade by blurring the distinction between the act of commercial exchange and that of gift-exchange. In this manner, international exchange came to be portrayed as an act of friendship and community recognition, rather than a commercial act between strangers.

scholarly journals Online platforms in the system of modern international digital trade

E-Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
T. Sosnov ◽  
A. Pasko
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
New Business ◽  
Competition Rules ◽  
Delivery Services ◽  
Key Aspects

At the present stage of the development of international trade, online platforms have a defining impact on its development, as new business models appear, on the basis of which it becomes possible to significantly reduce marginal costs and increase productivity. The relevance of the problems investigated in the article increases as the format of international trade changes, when in a recession, new tools are needed to raise the efficiency of export-import operations between countries. The theoretical and methodological framework of the considered aspects includes foreign and domestic studies in the field of digitalization and the digital transformation of the world economy.An attempt of the conceptual justification and typology of online platforms and their significance in the international exchange system has been made in the paper. The main advantages of cross-border transaction platforms have been shown, it has been concluded that the attributes of online platforms may not be unique or specific, but it is their competent combination that often determines the intensive growth of platforms. According to authors, in the current conditions of the pandemic COVID-19, the role of online platforms in international trade is increasing, and this happens both at the national (through, for example, the growing use of delivery services) and at the international level (ensuring the operation of international payment systems, or individual components global value chains). Approaches to the global regulation of online platforms also have been considered. It has been established that the adaptation of trade policy rules developed internationally regarding the activities of online platforms plays a very important role, and one of the key aspects in this regard is the prohibition of tariffs on electronic commerce transactions. At least, this approach is followed by developed countries. However, developing countries often challenge it, pointing to the distortion of fair international competition rules as an argument.

INNOVATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2017 ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Петухов ◽  
Nikolay Petuhov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
International Technology Transfer

The article considers the features of the innovation process and the prospects for the international exchange of scientific and technical knowledge and technologies. The various methods of international technology transfer, and their role in the Russian economy are analyzed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Trends in International Trade at the Present Stage of World Economy Digitalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-182
Author(s):  
Olga Nikulina ◽  
Syuzanna Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Electronic Trade ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an analysis of trends in the development of international trade in the context of digitalization. The growing process of digitalization can lead to qualitative changes in all sectors of domestic economy and foreign trade. At the present stage important aspects of growth, development and digitalization of economies of the countries participating in international trade and economic relations are primarily electronic trade, export and import operations and management at the national and the interstate level. The subject of this study is economic relations arising in the process of implementing operations on the international exchange of goods and services in the context of digitalization of the world economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the main trends and tendencies in the development of international trade in the digital transformation of economic and political relations. The study uses the economic and statistical method that reveals the main trends in the development of digitalization and international trade, and the system-structural method that analyzes the structural changes in the impact of digitalization on international trade. As a result, the authors have developed tools to promote digitalization in international trade and international economic relations. The development of international trade in modern conditions is most dependent on digital technologies that have an impact on e-commerce and business processes in international trade.

scholarly journals Parameters of development and regulation of the international digital trade at the present stage

E-Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
E. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Effective Development

The main aspects of development of the international digital trade in modern conditions have been analysed and systematized in the article. Under the influence of new digital technologies more and more companies are involved in international trade, and economic activity within global value chains becomes more and more operated. Impact of digital transformation on the international exchange in the conditions of digital globalization has been estimated. At a new stage of economic globalization development of digital trade becomes an alternative to delay of traditional exchange. The international approaches to classification and measurement of objects of digital trade have been generalized. It has been shown, that cross-border electronic commerce becomes more active, but not less intensively international trade in services on the basis of information and communication technologies also develops. The main challenges, facing multilateral and national regulation of electronic commerce and digital trade in goods and services, have been revealed. It has been established, that ensuring openness of the markets remains one of the major barriers to effective development of cross-border digital trade. The conclusion has also been drawn, that digitalization will lead in the long term to decrease in cost of international trade, and in these conditions, a significant role will be played by small and medium-sized enterprises, actively integrated into global digital platforms. In this regard, countries need to create adequate mechanisms of regulation of foreign trade in digital goods and services. Creation of an effective system of multilateral regulation of the international exchange in the conditions of digitalization is also significant. The main tools of this system should be protection of investments of the companies and creation of an effective system of settlement of investment and trade disputes, but not regulation of rules of access to the market.

scholarly journals Directions of development and regulation of cross-border data flows in international trade

E-Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
E. N. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Data Flows

The problem of using cross-border data flows, which are becoming an important factor of production for the sustainable development of modern international trade in goods and services has been analysed. In international exchange, the importance of digital services continues to grow steadily, and as this rises, global data flows are increasing too. The latter, while serving the interests of global digital platforms, can nevertheless contribute to the diversification of developing countries’ exports and increase their participation in global value chains. The increase in digitalization of companies due to the rapid introduction of new technologies (data analysis, cloud computing) has raised their importance as a factor in commercial transactions, affecting both new and traditional industries. Despite the advantages for companies, consumers and national economies arising from the ability of organizations to easily exchange data across borders, many countries at all stages of development have established barriers to cross-border data transfer. The most common concept of such restrictions has become data localization, the implementation of which is a significant burden on the growth of the Gross National Product. The digital mercantilism of countries considered in this article is a response to the challenge of increasing the country’s participation in the international division of labour in the digital economy. However, barriers for cross-border data transfer also delay and increase the cost of developing new and innovative products, undermine the ability of local multinational companies to use global platforms to facilitate collaboration between firms, universities and other research organizations and promote their own innovations. International practice has not yet developed a single, dominant approach in the context of regulating cross-border data flows, but addressing this issue requires a new format of multilateral regulation that has not been used for international trade in traditional goods and services.

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