Methodology of allocation of costs for the introduction of new and modernization of existing technologies for the production cost of products in the conditions of sustainable development of an industrial enterprise

One of the important tools for incorporating the paradigm of sustainable development into the complex fabric of economic activity of an enterprise in the real sector of the economy is the permanent process of introducing new and updating existing production technologies. Managing this difficult process requires fundamental changes in the traditional approach to structuring the information and tool space of the accounting and calculation process of forming the production cost of products. The solution of this difficult task involves the decomposition of the pool of indirect costs in order to allocate from its composition the costs of introducing new and upgrading used technologies and then assigning them to the production cost. It should be noted that these costs are distributed in proportion to the quantitative characteristics of material cost savings. The choice of this indicator as a distribution base is justified by the fact that it is one of the key components of the economic benefits coming to the enterprise. In the course of the study, various methods were used comprehensively, including: observation, systematization, formalization, modeling and visualization, decomposition and aggregation of data. The results obtained in the course of the study will improve the quality of the information and instrumental space for making managerial decisions aimed at ensuring the sustainable development of economic entities in the real sector of the economy by updating existing and introducing new, advanced production technologies.

The industry structure of the Russian oil and gas complex: transformation processes and trends

The oil and gas industry is becoming one of the key priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Ensuring energy and economic security, sustainable development, and innovative development in the context of the digitalization of the economy requires a qualitatively new approach to regulating the oil and gas industry. The tasks of rational use of oil and gas resources, increasing productivity, and environmental friendliness of production processes are set not only for companies in the oil and gas sector, but also increase the responsibility of the state for achieving them. The solution of the above-mentioned tasks requires an integrated approach based on a theoretical and methodological basis, economic research, systematization of world experience, taking into account the use of modern management and regulation mechanisms of oil and gas complex enterprises.

Economic aspects of the development of the world markets of petroleum products since the middle of the XX century

The study of the development of the world markets of petroleum products in the period from 1950 to 2021 allows us to conclude that up to 2014 there was a steady increase in the total capacity of the world oil industry . The increase in capacity occurred against the background of a quantitative decrease in oil refineries and an increase in their production capacity. The decrease in the number of small oil refining units was accompanied by an increase in the average capacity in the oil industry.

Forecasting changes employment and unemployment on the labor market in Russian Federation

It is considered possible construction forecasting changes quantity people of different age groups in the article. It is studied their influence on employment possible changes in Russian Federation.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT BODIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM OF A MULTIFUNCTIONAL RURAL ECONOMY

This article examines the problems of the activities of local governments in the development of a multifunctional rural economy (using the example of the Sverdlovsk region). The purpose of this study is to conduct a scientific analysis of the state of the rural economy as a multifunctional system and the participation of local governments in its development. The topic of this article is relevant, because not in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the positive development of the rural economy testifies to the effective activity of local governments in this area. In some regions, the municipal management of agriculture functions, in local government bodies such management functions and departments are carried out. In many rural areas of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, work is being carried out to organize non-agricultural activities as an integral part of the rural economy.

INFLUENCE OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL COOPERATION

Relevance and novelty of the work. The article is devoted to the implementation of innovative entrepreneurship for the development of regional cooperation and the rapid development of the sharing economy in the Russian Federation. The relevance of this article is due to the need to digitize cooperatives in order to develop, expand the markets for their products. The article examines situations that show how innovative entrepreneurship affects the development of the cooperative sector of the economy. The cooperative management model will be successful when it combines the functions of entrepreneurship, socialization and marketing. The struggle for a buyer in the absence of a marketing strategy in a cooperative is reduced to zero. Therefore, cooperative organizations need to choose the right marketing strategy that will allow them to effectively run their business. A separate place in the article is devoted to the analysis of market dynamics within the framework of the sharing economy. Based on the analysis, the importance of the sharing economy is shown. The basis of the digital economy is the predominance of the share of knowledge and innovation over the sphere of production. For this reason, building a business model is essential. It is necessary to introduce new technologies, at the same time, studying the needs of customers and optimizing activities in all indicators.

USAGE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN THE PROCESS OF RISK-MANAGEMENT

Background. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are frequently implemented into the corporate structure and are aimed to transform the risk management system. Not only AI is useful for detection the interconnections between business processes, but also allows to accurately predict financial indicators and the reasons for possible deviations from standard values. Thus, the implementations of artificial intelligence and machine learning mechanisms makes it possible to increase the efficiency of operational activities and detect hidden risks. Method. The article discusses the main types of risks, identidication and minimization of which can be carried out using machine learning and also reveals key difficulties that arise while introducing innovative mechanisms into the structure of risk-management. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the relevance of using artificial intelligence mechanisms while minimizing the risks of an economic entity, as well as in identifying the main incentives for the efficient usage of machine learning in risk management. Result. As a result, the potential of introducing innovative methods into the structure of risk management to improve the efficiency of operating activities was revealed. Conclusion. In the process of the methodological study, the features of the application of machine learning methods in the risk management process were identified, moreover the article main limitations and possibilities of using artificial intelligence in order to minimize risks were revealed.

Formation of project management units in the federal authorities of Russia in 2016-2021

The article reveals the process of formation and functioning of structural divisions of project management bodies in the federal authorities of the Russian Federation. In the 2010s, experiments were carried out to introduce project management technologies in individual ministries and regions. Project management standards have been developed. Since 2014, a series of regulations has been adopted that introduced project management into the system of government bodies. The new system, borrowed from developed countries, takes root with great difficulty. Since 2016, the development of project management has moved into the campaign stage. The leadership of the Russian state attaches great importance to the introduction of modern management technologies in the state system, including Project management. Therefore, despite the periodic slowdown of the campaign, the implementation of project management methods in the state administration continues.

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC MAPPING OF LAND RESOURCES

To solve urgent problems of information support for business entities, authorities, regulatory and supervisory bodies, to assess the ecological and economic situation of territories, thematic cartographic works are developed, created, studied and used. Thematic mapping aims to identify the patterns of spatial distribution of thematic features of objects and use them in the preparation of maps, schematic maps. To create thematic environmental and economic maps for various natural resources, in particular for land, indicators are selected from various sources, calculated indicators, indicators are formed (based on the developed formulas, scores, coefficients). The compiled maps have a theoretical or practical purpose of their use, purpose. As a result of the study, ecological and economic maps of the Ural and Siberian districts were compiled for land resources. These maps are intended for the analysis and assessment of the use of natural resources by authorities, supervisory authorities, and the public. In addition, further research will be based on them; methods and techniques for their development will be improved. The scientific and practical significance of ecological-economic maps determine the need for their creation to solve the problems of rational nature management, improve the quality of the natural environment, forecast the further development of the territory, etc.

MODELING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CLIMATIC CHANGE

The strategic directions of Russia's economic development presuppose the existence of state programs, the transition from the expert-raw material type to the innovative type. A qualitatively new level of information processing opens up new development opportunities as a result of an increase in the speed of information processing throughout the entire life cycle of agricultural production. Sustainable development is measured by production on the territory and its efficiency in relation to the country's food security. Since the territories are not only producers of products, but also a complex socio-economic structure that functions according to certain laws, rules and traditions, a kind of habitat for residents. To a large extent, the sustainable development of territories depends on the level of development of production, implements the sustainable development of the economy. The state regulates the sustainable development of territories in order to support production as the main element of processes, controlling its development, supporting domestic producers, and performs one of the most important state functions, which is a macroeconomic problem of research of the territorial complex. Consequently, there is a dialectical relationship between the process of economic stabilization and the sustainable development of territories, which requires the development of research approaches. The search for new approaches to the development of territories is a particularly important circumstance at the present stage. A full-fledged system of economic, mathematical, structural modeling allows us to obtain predictive estimates in the context of food security indicators, based on current trends, global challenges and changes.