Modeling Paleoshorelines and Locating Early Holocene Coastal Sites in Haida Gwaii

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl W. Fedje ◽  
Tina Christensen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Haida Gwaii ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwestern North America

AbstractThe integration of archaeology and paleoecology has allowed a fuller understanding of the history of southern Haida Gwaii and provided insights into the regional history of coastal occupation in northwestern North America. Of particular consequence is the history of sea-level fluctuations during the late-glacial and early Holocene. The modern shore holds only part of the history of coastal occupation. Much is flooded or hidden in the rainforest. In southern Haida Gwaii, shorelines dating from 13,000 to 9,500 B.P. are deeply drowned while those dating from 9,200 to 3,000 B.P. are stranded in the rainforest up to 15 meters above modern levels. Shorelines have been approximately coincident with the current position for only the last two to three millennia and for a century or two centered around 9,400 B.P. Modeling these paleoshorelines has led to discovery and investigation of a number of early Holocene archaeological sites.

Late-Glacial and Early Holocene Sea-Level Fluctuations in the Central Puget Lowland, Washington, Inferred from Lake Sediments

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Anundsen ◽  
Sally Abella ◽  
Estella Leopold ◽  
Minze Stuiver ◽  
Sheila Turner
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Basal Section ◽  
Holocene Sea Level

AbstractAnalyses of sediments, diatoms, and pollen in a 12.65-m-long sediment core taken from Lake Carpenter in the central Puget Lowland, Washington, provide detailed information regarding the history of deglaciation and late-glacial/early Holocene sea-level changes. The lake outlet, now 8.2 m above sea level, has been lowered 1-1.5 m by postglacial erosion. The lithology and pollen record suggest that no lengthy hiatuses in sedimentation have occurred. The basal sediments are glacialmarine and contain shell fragments and brackish/marine diatoms. Freshwater sediments above the basal section are interrupted only by a short section containing few fossils, most of which are brackish to marine indicators, and by the Mazama tephra at 9.5 m. The pollen record in the basal 4 m reveals a Pinus zone (ca. 13,850-11,000 yr B.P.) with a brief peak of Picea at ca. 13,700 yr B.P., and an Alnus/Pseudotsuga zone (ca. 11,000-6500 yr B.P.). The chronology is based on nine radiocarbon ages. A relative lowering of sea level below the 9.5-m threshold is recorded in the core at 12.41 m and dates 13,850 to 13,700 yr B.P. A marine episode occurred about 13,600 yr B.P., implying that relative sea-level temporarily rose above 9.5 m. No subsequent transgressions above the 9.5-m level have been recorded. Comparison of six radiocarbon dates ≥13,600 yr B.P. suggest that the marine reservoir correction of 760 yr currently used for this area may be too high for this time period.

A radiocarbon chronology of Holocene climate change and sea-level rise at the Delmarva Peninsula, US Mid-Atlantic Coast

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110482
Author(s):  
Kelvin W Ramsey ◽  
Jaime L. Tomlinson ◽  
C. Robin Mattheus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Delmarva Peninsula ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Cool Climate ◽  
And Sea Level

Radiocarbon dates from 176 sites along the Delmarva Peninsula record the timing of deposition and sea-level rise, and non-marine wetland deposition. The dates provide confirmation of the boundaries of the Holocene subepochs (e.g. “early-middle-late” of Walker et al.) in the mid-Atlantic of eastern North America. These data record initial sea-level rise in the early Holocene, followed by a high rate of rise at the transition to the middle Holocene at 8.2 ka, and a leveling off and decrease in the late-Holocene. The dates, coupled to local and regional climate (pollen) records and fluvial activity, allow regional subdivision of the Holocene into six depositional and climate phases. Phase A (>10 ka) is the end of periglacial activity and transition of cold/cool climate to a warmer early Holocene. Phase B (10.2–8.2 ka) records rise of sea level in the region, a transition to Pinus-dominated forest, and decreased non-marine deposition on the uplands. Phase C (8.2–5.6 ka) shows rapid rates of sea-level rise, expansion of estuaries, and a decrease in non-marine deposition with cool and dry climate. Phase D (5.6–4.2 ka) is a time of high rates of sea-level rise, expanding estuaries, and dry and cool climate; the Atlantic shoreline transgressed rapidly and there was little to no deposition on the uplands. Phase E (4.2–1.1 ka) is a time of lowering sea-level rise rates, Atlantic shorelines nearing their present position, and marine shoal deposition; widespread non-marine deposition resumed with a wetter and warmer climate. Phase F (1.1 ka-present) incorporates the Medieval Climate Anomaly and European settlement on the Delmarva Peninsula. Chronology of depositional phases and coastal changes related to sea-level rise is useful for archeological studies of human occupation in relation to climate change in eastern North America, and provides an important dataset for future regional and global sea-level reconstructions.

On the presence ofMixosaurus(Ichthyopterygia: Reptilia) in the Middle Triassic of Nevada

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martin Sander ◽  
Hugo Bucher
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwestern North America

The small ichthyosaurMixosaurusis the most widely distributed ichthyosaur. It is known from Lower Triassic rocks of British Columbia, Canada (Callaway and Brinkman, 1989), and Middle Triassic rocks of northwestern North America (Alaska, British Columbia), China, Timor, the western Tethys (Switzerland, Italy, Turkey), the Germanic Triassic, and the high Arctic (Spitsbergen, Exmouth Island) (Mazin, 1986; Callaway and Brinkman, 1989; Callaway and Massare, 1989). The presence ofMixosaurusin one of the richest ichthyosaur provinces, the Middle Triassic of Nevada (Merriam, 1908), has been difficult to establish. The history of this problem is very colorful and is the topic of this note together with the description of a new specimen from the Nevada Middle Triassic.

Late Pleistocene and early Holocene environmental history of southwestern Washington State, U.S.A.

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy W. Barnosky
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Olympic Mountains ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
History Of ◽  
Glacial Time

A comparison of pollen records and associated plant remains from sites along a major precipitation gradient in southwestern Washington enables reconstruction of the late Quaternary environment during glacial and early Holocene time. During the Evans Creek Stade (25 000 – 17 000 years BP) little moisture reached lowlands east of the Olympic Mountains and as a result both the Puget Trough and the Columbia Basin featured a cold dry climate and parkland–tundra vegetation In glacial time, greatest aridity seems to have occurred between 19 000 and 17 000 years BP. After 17 000 years BP the development of mesophytic subalpine parkland suggests that maritime conditions extended farther east into the Puget Trough, and the Cascade Range became an important precipitation divide. Conditions warmer and (or) drier than today developed throughout western Washington between 10 000 and 8000–6000 years BP. Vegetation on opposite sides of the Cascade Range became dissimilar as early as 17 000 years BP, but this trend was accentuated in late glacial and early Holocene time.

Chronology and stratigraphy of the Magdalen Islands archipelago from the last glaciation to the early Holocene: new insights into the glacial and sea-level history of eastern Canada

Boreas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 604-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey M. Rémillard ◽  
Guillaume St-Onge ◽  
Pascal Bernatchez ◽  
Bernard Hétu ◽  
Jan-Pieter Buylaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Last Glaciation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Sea Level ◽  
Magdalen Islands

scholarly journals Palynology and Archaeology of Late Vistulian and Early Holocene Sites in Lubuskie Lake District, Western Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Okuniewska-Nowaczyk ◽  
Iwona Sobkowiak-Tabaka
Keyword(s):  
Small Area ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Late Vistulian ◽  
Palynological Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Palynological Records

Abstract The Lubuskie Lake District played an important part in recolonisation of the Polish Plain due to its location and the character of the terrain. Despite that, it is and especially its northern part, poorly explored regarding both history of Late Glacial and early Holocene settlements, and the natural environment. The paper presents results of multidisciplinary research in this area. The most spectacular discoveries were connected with remains of settlements of the Hamburgian culture societies at Myszęcin - currently the richest site of this culture over the entire North European Plain. In the vicinity of this site several Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic settlements of varied functions were recorded. First palynological records came from the Younger Dryas sediments in this area. In a log with a palynological spectrum comprising Younger Dryas and the beginning of the Holocene, a charcoal dust was found and it could indicate human activity as humans lived at a lake shore. An important complement to the image of the Late Glacial settlement at the Lubuskie Lake District was provided by the research near Lubrza that resulted in data regarding settlements of the Federmesser and Świderian culture societies. This region was not typical in a palynological spectrum of deposits during Allerød but also indicated highly diversified thickness of basal peat in a small area.

scholarly journals Late Glacial Marine Transgression and Ecosystem Response in the Landlocked Elefsis Bay (Northern Saronikos Gulf, Greece)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1505
Author(s):  
Katerina Kouli ◽  
Maria V. Triantaphyllou ◽  
Olga Koukousioura ◽  
Margarita D. Dimiza ◽  
Constantine Parinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Ecosystem Response ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Marine Realm

Coastal landscapes are sensitive to changes due to the interplay between surface and submarine geological processes, climate variability, and relative sea level fluctuations. The sedimentary archives of such marginal areas record in detail the complex evolution of the paleoenvironment and the diachronic biota response. The Elefsis Bay is nowadays a landlocked shallow marine basin with restricted communication to the open Saronikos Gulf. A multi-proxy investigation of a high-resolution sediment core recovered from the deepest part of the basin offered a unique opportunity to record the paleoenvironmental and aquatic ecosystem response to climate and glacioeustatic sea level changes since the Late Glacial marine transgression. The retrieved sedimentary deposits, subjected to thorough palynological (pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, dinoflagellates), micropaleontological (benthic foraminifera, calcareous nannoplankton, ostracods), and mollusc analyses, indicates isolation of the Elefsis Bay from the Saronikos Gulf and the occurrence of a shallow freshwater paleolake since at least 13,500 cal BP, while after 11,3500 cal BP the transition towards lagoon conditions is evidenced. The marine transgression in the Elefsis Bay is dated at 7500 cal BP, marking the establishment of the modern marine realm.

XI.—The Geology and Vegetation of Late-glacial Retreat Stages in Scotland

1958 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Donner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Glacial Retreat ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Glacial Periods

SynopsisThe last major retreat stages of the ice in Scotland have been correlated with the different periods of vegetational history as shown by pollen diagrams. The end-moraines can be divided into two stages, the first stage being the Perth Readvance Moraine, during which the ice extended outside the Highlands. The Aberdeen Readvance Moraine probably also belongs to the same stage. During the second stage, here called the Highland Readvance, valley glaciers reached to the mouths of the Highland valleys where small moraine ridges were formed.Samples from mainly lake sediments near the moraine were studied, and the pollen diagrams from them show the general vegetational history of the Late-glacial and Post-glacial periods. The same zones as in other parts of the British Isles are used in the diagrams.The geological and pollen analytical evidence suggests that the Highland Readvance Moraine was formed during the Late-glacial Zone III, and that the Perth Readvance is older than the Alleröd interstadial. The Highland Readvance can now be correlated with the moraines in Scandinavia, the Alps and North America, where they already have been dated.

Between the mountains and the sea: Late Holocene Caspian Sea level fluctuations and vegetation history of the lowland forests of northern Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Ramezani ◽  
Almut Mrotzek ◽  
Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer ◽  
Ata Abdollahi Kakroodi ◽  
Salomon B. Kroonenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lowland Forests
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