Pollen Analysis of Prehistoric Human Feces: A New Approach to Ethnobotany

1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (2Part1) ◽  
pp. 168-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Martin ◽  
Floyd W. Sharrock
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
New Information ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Plant Pollen

AbstractPrehistoric human and nonhuman feces from alcoves in the Glen Canyon region of southern Utah are a rich source of pollen and spores. The dominant pollen types (determined in a 200-grain pollen count) vary greatly from sample to sample, making stratigraphic and climatic interpretation very difficult. The record of economic plant pollen appears to reflect the prehistoric Pueblo diet. Cleome, Zea, Cucurbita, and Opuntia are the most abundant economic pollen types. Long-distance transport of pollen from distant montane forests will account for the presence of occasional pollen grains of spruce, fir, and alder in certain samples. The salvage and study of ancient human feces promises to reveal new information about the environment and diet of prehistoric man in the Southwest, a development of interest to both the ecologist and the ethnobotanist.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ambrosia L. Pollen Seasons in Lublin (Poland) and Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine) and Presentation of the Morphotypes of Trichomes on A. artemisiifolia L. Shoots in Terms of the Allergenic Properties of the Plant

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1764
Author(s):  
Krystyna Piotrowska-Weryszko ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Galyna Melnychenko ◽  
Agata Konarska ◽  
Myroslava Mylenka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ambrosia Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Distance Transport

Ambrosia pollen contains strong allergens. Allergic reactions can also be caused by direct contact with the plant. The investigations of the dynamics of Ambrosia pollen seasons were conducted in Lublin (Poland) and Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukraine) in 2013–2015. The onset and end of the seasons, maximum concentrations, annual sums, and the number of days with an allergy risk were determined. Additionally, the types of trichomes present on different parts of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. shoots were determined using light microscopy. Morphometric studies were carried out on trichomes sampled from staminate inflorescences. The maximum concentrations and annual sums of Ambrosia pollen were shown to be substantially higher in Ivano-Frankivsk than in Lublin. Similarly, the risk of allergies is higher in the study site in Ukraine. The study results indicate that the presence of Ambrosia pollen grains in Lublin may be associated with long-distance transport. The presence of non-glandular and glandular trichomes was found on the examined organs. The staminate inflorescences were covered by two types of non-glandular trichomes (short and long) and two types of glandular trichomes (linear and biseriate), whose secretory product can cause dermatitis in sensitive subjects upon contact with the plant.

scholarly journals The phenology of flowering and fluctuations of airborne pollen concentrations of selected trees in Poznań, 2003-2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Stach ◽  
Magdalena Kluza-Wieloch ◽  
Alicja Zientarska
Keyword(s):  
Airborne Pollen ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Distance Transport

The aim of the study was to describe the relationships between the flowering phase of selected tree species, whose pollen is known to be allergenic, and fluctuations in the pollen in the air, and to use results obtained for making allergological forecasts. Studies were conducted of five tree taxa: <i>Populus</i>, <i>Ulmus</i>, <i>Salix</i>, <i>Aesculus</i>, and <i>Tilia</i>, in the years 2003-2004. Aeropalinological analyses concerned the above mentioned genera, while in phenological studies specific species were investigated, i.e. the most common representatives of a given genus found in Poland, that is <i>Populus wilsonii</i>, <i>Ulmus laevis</i> Pall. C. K.Schneid., <i>Salix caprea</i> L., <i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i> L. and <i>Tilia cordata</i> Mill. Aerobiological monitoring was performed using a the volumetric method and phenological observations of flowering phases were made according to the Łukasiewicz method. While observing the emergence of individual phenological symptoms and measurements of the concentration of pollen of the investigated taxa in the air of Poznań, a distinct acceleration was observed in 2004, a year that was characterized by a milder winter. This applied not only to the species blooming in early spring, but also to the later ones. Pollen grains of the investigated taxa, except for <i>Aesculus</i>, appeared earlier in aeropalinological observations than the macroscopically observed beginning of flowering in selected trees. Apart from a poplar, the end of flowering in the other trees occurred each year earlier than would follow from the aerobiological observations. This may be explained by the abundance of species within a taxon, and the effect of medium - and long-distance transport.

scholarly journals Pollen transport to southern Greenland: new evidences of a late spring long distance transport

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.-D. Rousseau ◽  
P. Schevin ◽  
D. Duzer ◽  
G. Cambon ◽  
J. Ferrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Pollen Emission ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Pollen Transport ◽  
Complicated Pattern ◽  
Distance Transport

Abstract. New observations of long distance transport of pollen to southern Greenland are recorded during two consecutive weeks, 19 May until 1 June 2003. These new results indicate again Northeastern America as the source area of the transported pollen grains. Backward trajectories studies indicate that transport occurred twice during the first week, which corresponds to the interval of maximum pollen flux emitted in the atmosphere. This is indicated by the large percentage of exotic pollen grains identified, about 11% of the total counted including the local vegetation. Conversely, the transport observed during the second week occurred during a single day, at a time of reduced pollen emission into the atmosphere in the source area, and experienced severe wash out and thus is indicated by a lower percentage of exotic grains, 1% of the total identified ones. The trajectories modeled by the HYSPLIT application show different patterns to those previously identified in 2002. Although air volumes passing over southern Greenland at 3000 m carried out the main transport, additional transport occurred at a much lower altitude leading producing a more complicated pattern of modeling than previously considered.

scholarly journals Allergenic Ambrosia pollen grains in the air of some Polish cities in 2019

Alergoprofil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Aneta Sulborska ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽  
Piotr Rapiejko ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
Dariusz Jurkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Ambrosia Pollen ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
Different Parts

Ambrosia is regarded as the most dangerous allergy-related plant posing a considerable threat to human health with its highly allergenic pollen. In Europe, there are 4 Ambrosia species originating from North America; they most often colonize ruderal habitats and agricultural fields. The aim of the study was to compare Ambrosia pollen seasons in 9 cities located in different parts of Poland in 2019. Aerobiological tests were conducted in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Lublin, Olsztyn, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Sosnowiec, Szczecin, Warsaw, and Wroclaw. The investigations were carried out with the volumetric method using Burkard or Lanzoni pollen samplers. The 98% method was used to determine the duration of the pollen season. The earliest onset of the pollen season was recorded in Szczecin (August 7th) and Sosnowiec (August 9th), whereas the latest beginning was noted in Wroclaw (August 22nd) and Bydgoszcz (August 21st). The longest pollen season was recorded in Sosnowiec (52 days) as well as Lublin and Szczecin (50 days), while the shortest pollen season was noted in Wroclaw (10 days). The highest mean daily concentrations of Ambrosia pollen grains were recorded in Sosnowiec (104 P/m3) and Wroclaw (77 P/m3), whereas the lowest value was obtained in Szczecin (18 P/m3). Peak days were noted mostly during the last 10 days of August. The highest value of Ambrosia annual pollen sum was reported from Sosnowiec (326) and Lublin (310), while the lowest sum was noted in Szczecin (69). The multimodal course of the graph presenting the pollen seasons in the analysed cities and literature data indicate that the pollen originated not only from local sources but also from long-distance transport. The highest risk of Ambrosia pollen-induced allergy in sensitive subjects was demonstrated in Lublin, Piotrkow Trybunalski and Warsaw. The concentration of Ambrosia pollen in the air of the analysed Polish cities was substantially lower than the values indicated by measurement stations located in other parts of Europe.

The Fine Structure of Phloem Cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
James Cronshaw
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Phloem Tissue ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Companion Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopical ◽  
Distance Transport

Long distance transport in plants takes place in phloem tissue which has characteristic cells, the sieve elements. At maturity these cells have sieve areas in their end walls with specialized perforations. They are associated with companion cells, parenchyma cells, and in some species, with transfer cells. The protoplast of the functioning sieve element contains a high concentration of sugar, and consequently a high hydrostatic pressure, which makes it extremely difficult to fix mature sieve elements for electron microscopical observation without the formation of surge artifacts. Despite many structural studies which have attempted to prevent surge artifacts, several features of mature sieve elements, such as the distribution of P-protein and the nature of the contents of the sieve area pores, remain controversial.

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